Hasht Behesht Palace

 

Hasht Behest Palace, or The Palace of Eight Heavens, was constructed during the 17th century in Isfahan and has been called “The Most Beautiful Palace of the World” for a long time. The palace was built during the kingdom of Shah Soleiman in the Safavid era. The foreign travelers, who let to visit this palace wonderfully confessed that this is far more luxurious and illustrious that the grand European palaces. “ Hasht Behesht” in the Persian language word etymology, means the very entrance door to the heavens. The fame and beauty of this historical city, Isfahan, which owes a lot to the Safavid Empire, depends on the grandeur and charm of the palaces and gardens, Hasht Behesht is one of the most prominent. 

 

After nominating Isfahan as the capital of the Safavid Empire, King Abbass, the first Safavid Sultan, ordered the construction of a long avenue, named Four Garden Avenue, with several gardens. Unfortunately, nothing has been left from these gardens except those of Hasht Behesht (Eight Heaven) and Chehel Setoon (Forthy Column) gardens. It is amazing to know several historians believe that the name Hasht Behest, refers to the historical fact that King Soleiman from Safavid royal household considered the palace as the lodging place or Harem for his eight favorite wives.

 

During Qajar Period, this palace and its garden were dedicated to the First Lady, Iftikhar Al- Dulah, and during Pahlavi time, its function changed to a public park. It was exactly during this time that the Ministry of Archeology started to repair the building’s plastering works with the help of Italian and Iranian architects. The fame and glory of this palace are so universally known that the name has been mentioned several times in the books and poems of many travelers like that of Muhamad Tahir Nasrabadi. 

 

Hasht Behest Palace, which is also called the palace garden of the nightingales, is in the west wing of Four Garden Avenue (Chahar Baagh Avenue). In the very middle of the nightingale garden, Hasht Behest Palace has a two-story building, which has been erected at a height of two meters from the garden ground, built upon white Tabriz Marbles. The building is thirty meters high, having a great view of the garden. The guests can enter the garden from two staircases on the two main sides of the building. Up there, you’ll get to the grand patio, where two tall wooden columns majestically stand to create a legendary grandeur. 

 

There are alluring colorful plastering works done on these wooden pillars. The central core of the building had been constructed in four phases with a veranda northward. The grand ceiling is covered with unique vibrant plastering art called “Moqarnas” in Persian. There are four rooms in the four corners of the building with grandiose paintings. In the second story, there are decorative arches, patios, rooms, and artistically shaped windows that have added to the vivid attraction of the palace. This level leads the visitors to the corridors and chambers filled with dazzling ornaments. Surprisingly, there are a water-view and a fireplace in the rooms. The walls are all covered by artistic mirror works. 

 

 

If you just look at the high ceiling, you would see a gallery of mosaic and plastering works that are amazing. Wonderfully, they are mixed with golden artwork, colorful glasses, and mirrors. Looking carefully at the paintings, one of them shows the historical moment of Fath Ali Shah’s coronation scene with his sons. Although there are various decorations in different styles, there is a unique unity of fashion manifest in the building. Unfortunately, there is nothing left from the wooden fences, crystal frames, and colorful glassworks, but the mosaic works still exist in a variety of contents like the birds, and the hunting scenes. The building generally has four sides all different in design but unified in style. 

 

The very style of architecture is that of Persian flat garden palaces very similar to that of Ali Qapu and Chehel Setoon Palace. Looking at the palace building from the long shot, it sounds octagonal. This makes the building have four exterior sides. The main side is in front of the garden pool. In the center of the building hall, there is an octagonal basin amazingly built of white marble that is called “ the Pearl Marble Basin”. The basin has been carved artistically and water flows from the nooks and crannies of the carved holes like the pearls coming out of the shells. 

 

A reticulated ceiling that is covered with golden mosaics shines exactly on top of the octagonal marble basin on the floor. Persian lazuli mosaic pieces are lustrously glazed in between the orange background tiles. The depth of the dome part of the ceiling is harmoniously silvery white quite matched with the marble basin below. The surrounding area that is unequally planted is the favorite resort of the Isfahani people. The old pine trees are orderly in line with the central garden pool standing as royal canopies above the benches the visitors take shelter in. It is noteworthy to see how Sharden, the famous traveler has described Hasht Behesht Palace:

I have promised to describe Hasht Behesht Palace, from the so-called Nightingale Garden, in detail. This building is called Behesht or Heaven. And Heaven as they believe is the tenth level of the sky. That is why they can consider the palace as the gateway to Heavens. This structure is really like a labyrinth where you might confuse finding the right direction as the stairways are so hidden from your sight. Here, the frames are silvery and the glasses are of fine colorful crystals. 

 

Considering the decorations, no one can even imagine such mesmerizing glory. The mirror works are unique indeed. The rooms are eye-catching because of the bed linens and the royal mattresses which costs a lot. The blanket was made of Marten’s skin to keep the royal family warm enough during the winter. It has been said that the king himself had several of these. What a great honor for every Iranian that decades ago a European traveler had been surprised by merely looking at just one of the Persian wonderful arts in the heart of Persian culture and civilization, Isfahan. 

Chehel Setoun Palace

A Jewel of Persian Garden and Architecture

Chehel Sotoun is a verdant Persian garden in Isfahan, Iran, and the Palace of Forty Columns is a shining example of Safavid-era architecture and one of Iran’s most magnificent royal structures. It was built in the 17th century during the reign of Shah Abbas II, This building is part of Isfahan’s grand heritage, a reflection of Persian artistic and architectural ingenuity. With its elegant columns, stunning frescoes, and intricate mirror work, Chehel Sotoun embodies the opulence of the Safavid dynasty and stands as a testament to their vision of Isfahan as the capital of the Persian Empire.

The palace is set within a sprawling Persian garden known for its harmonious integration of nature and architecture. Water channels, trees, and flowers form a paradise in the city’s heart. Here, we will explore the history, architecture, artistic significance, and cultural legacy of Chehel Sotoun Palace, providing insight into its grandeur and importance as one of Iran’s most cherished landmarks.

 

Historical Background

 

Chehel Sotoun Palace was constructed in 1647 under the patronage of Shah Abbas II, the seventh Safavid ruler of Persia. The Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) is credited with showing a golden age of Persian art, culture, and architecture, and Isfahan was at the center of this cultural renaissance. Shah Abbas I, the founder of Isfahan as the Safavid capital, laid the groundwork for the city’s transformation into one of the world’s most beautiful and well-planned cities. His successor, Shah Abbas II, continued this legacy by constructing monumental buildings and gardens, among which Chehel Sotoun holds a special place.

 

The palace was originally designed as a palace for royal receptions, banquets, and important state events. It was used to receive foreign dignitaries, ambassadors, and notable guests, making it a symbol of Safavid power and prestige. The name “Chehel Sotoun,” meaning “Forty Columns” in Persian, derives from the twenty slender wooden columns supporting the palace’s front veranda. When reflected in the long pool of water in front of the palace, the columns appear to double, giving the illusion of forty columns.

 

Chehel Sotoun is a royal palace and a celebration of Persian architectural and garden design, embodying the Safavid ideals of balance, harmony, and elegance. Over the centuries, the palace has survived various natural disasters, including fires, earthquakes, and invasions, and it has undergone multiple restorations to preserve its artistic and architectural splendor.

 

The Architecture of Chehel Sotoun

 

The architecture of Chehel Sotoun Palace is a masterpiece of Persian design, characterized by its harmonious proportions, elegant ornamentation, and seamless integration with the surrounding garden. The palace’s design follows the traditional principles of Persian architecture, emphasizing symmetry, geometry, and the use of open space.

 

 

The Grand Veranda and Forty Columns

 

One of the most iconic features of Chehel Sotoun is its grand veranda, which faces the garden and reflects the grandeur of the Safavid court. Twenty tall, slender wooden columns made from pine and plane trees support the veranda. These columns, with their intricately carved capitals, form the focal point of the palace’s entrance and create a sense of openness and lightness. The use of wood in the construction of the columns is a notable departure from the stone and brick commonly used in Persian architecture, adding to the unique character of the building. The number “forty” in the palace’s name, though not literal, is deeply symbolic in Persian culture, representing abundance and completeness. The reflection of the twenty columns in the pool, doubling the total to forty, is a poetic allusion to this cultural symbolism, creating an enchanting visual effect that enhances the overall experience of the building.

 

Mirror Work and Frescoes

 

Upon entering the palace, visitors are greeted by a dazzling array of mirror work (Ayeneh-Kari), and frescoes adorn the walls and ceilings. The use of mirror work, which involves the intricate arrangement of small mirror pieces to create reflective surfaces, is one of the defining features of Persian palatial architecture. In Chehel Sotoun, the mirror work is used to magnificent effect, covering the walls and ceilings of the central hall and creating a shimmering, luminous environment that reflects light in all directions. The frescoes in Chehel Sotoun are equally impressive, depicting scenes from Persian history, mythology, and court life. These paintings are a vivid portrayal of the grandeur and cultural sophistication of the Safavid court, showcasing events such as royal banquets, battles, and hunting scenes.

 

One of the most famous frescoes depicts the reception of the Mughal Emperor Humayun at the Safavid court, illustrating the importance of diplomatic relations between Persia and its neighboring empires. The frescoes also feature scenes from Persian epics, such as the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi. These scenes include heroic figures like Rostam, the legendary Persian warrior, engaged in battle and other mythological episodes. The combination of historical and mythological themes in the frescoes reflects the Safavid rulers’ desire to link their reign to Persia’s glorious past while reinforcing their contemporary political and cultural power.

 

The Central Hall and Reception Rooms

 

The central hall of Chehel Sotoun is the largest and most opulent space within the palace, serving as the main venue for royal receptions and state events. The hall is designed to impress with its high ceilings, expansive windows, and richly decorated walls. The hall’s ceiling is particularly noteworthy for its intricate wooden beams and mirror work, which create a sense of grandeur and majesty. The reception rooms that flank the central hall are smaller but no less elegant. These rooms were used for more intimate gatherings and meetings, and they are decorated with similar attention to detail, featuring frescoes, mirror work, and elaborate stucco designs. The windows of these rooms open onto the garden, allowing natural light to flood the interiors and providing stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

 

The Persian Garden

 

Chehel Sotoun Palace is set within a traditional Persian garden, an integral part of the overall design. The Persian garden, known as a chahar bagh, is based on the principle of creating a paradise on earth, with symmetrical layouts, flowing water, and lush greenery. The garden at Chehel Sotoun is divided into four quadrants by a series of water channels (qanats) and walkways, with the central pool as the focal point. The garden’s design reflects the importance of water in Persian culture, both as a practical necessity in the arid climate and as a symbol of life and abundance.

 

 The long pool in front of the palace is a decorative feature that cools the air and creates a microclimate within the garden. The sound of running water from the fountains and channels adds to the tranquil atmosphere, making the garden a perfect retreat from the heat and dust of the city. The trees and flowers in the garden are carefully chosen for their beauty and fragrance, with cypress, plane, and fruit trees providing shade and roses, jasmine, and other flowers adding color and perfume to the air. Integrating the palace with its garden is a hallmark of Persian architectural philosophy, emphasizing the harmony between nature and the built environment.

 

Cultural and Historical Significance

Chehel Sotoun Palace is an architectural masterpiece and a cultural icon that reflects the Safavid dynasty’s political, artistic, and diplomatic achievements. The palace served as a stage for some of the most important diplomatic events of the Safavid era, hosting foreign dignitaries and ambassadors from the Ottoman Empire, Mughal, India, and European nations. These receptions were not only displays of Persian hospitality but also opportunities for the Safavids to assert their power and influence on the world stage. The frescoes in the palace provide valuable insight into the cultural and political dynamics of the time, illustrating the Safavids’ efforts to establish themselves as a dominant force in the region while preserving their connection to Persia’s rich cultural heritage.

 

The scenes of royal banquets, battles, and diplomatic encounters are a visual record of the Safavid court’s opulence and sophistication. In addition to its historical significance, Chehel Sotoun Palace is an important example of the Persian architectural tradition, blending elements of Islamic, Persian, and Central Asian design. The palace’s use of mirror work, frescoes, and garden design influenced subsequent architectural developments in Iran and beyond, and it remains a source of inspiration for contemporary architects and artists.

 

Restoration and Preservation

 

Over the centuries, Chehel Sotoun Palace has faced numerous challenges, including fires, earthquakes, and the general wear and tear of time. However, thanks to extensive restoration efforts, the palace has been preserved as a cultural heritage site and continues to attract visitors worldwide. The restoration has focused on preserving the intricate frescoes, mirror work, and stucco decorations and maintaining the garden and water channels. The Iranian government and UNESCO have made significant efforts to protect the palace as part of Isfahan’s larger historical landscape, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.

Today, Chehel Sotoun Palace is a popular tourist destination, offering visitors a glimpse into the grandeur of the Safavid era and the architectural beauty of Persian design. The palace is also used for cultural events and exhibitions, ensuring it remains a vibrant part of Iran’s artistic life.

 

Conclusion

 

Chehel Sotoun Palace is a stunning example of Persian architectural brilliance, blending opulence, elegance, and harmony in a way that continues to captivate visitors centuries after its construction. As a symbol of Safavid power, culture, and diplomacy, the palace represents a golden era in Persian history, when art, architecture, and politics converged to create a legacy that endures to this day. The palace’s mirror work, frescoes, and garden design are testaments to the artistic achievements of the Safavid dynasty. At the same time, its role as a venue for royal receptions and diplomatic events highlights its importance as a center of political and cultural life. Today, Chehel Sotoun stands as a proud reminder of Iran’s rich heritage and continues to inspire admiration for the beauty and sophistication of Persian architecture.

 

Best Hotels in Isfahan

 

Being always historically attractive and traditionally majestic, Isfahan naturally offers highly decorous and grandiose hotels. Let’s, talk about them.

 

Isfahan Abbassi Hotel

Isfahan Abbassi Hotel is the top best plushy, and gallant hotel not only in Isfahan but also unique, from the point of view of being imperial, in Iran. This pompous place is one of the oldest hotels in the world and the biggest in Iran. Abbassi Hotel is 300 years old and was constructed by the direct decree of Soltan Hoseyn from the Safavid dynasty. The building reveals the typical Persian architectural design. It has been modernized about 50 years ago in a very standard manner. It is called one of the most beautiful guesthouses in the world. It is a five-star hotel in Isfahan with 225 flats, 14 grand halls, and several restaurant and cafe shops ready to serve more than 1500 guests. The exceptional exterior structure, together with the beautiful Abbassi garden and the turquoise dome of the four-garden school have created a unique view for this hotel. This hotel is located in the historical area of the city and very close to tourist spots like the famous bridge of Isfahan on Zayandehrood and Naqsh-e-Jahaan Square. The rooms of the hotels range from usual single and double rooms to special royal Safavid and Qajar-style rooms.

 

Kowsar Hotel

Kowsar Hotel is very close to the riverside, Zayandehrood, and was one of the chain hotels of Shryton previously. Currently, it is part of the Parsian chain of hotels. The hotel has seven levels with 130 rooms. Later on, 40 rooms were added to this hotel and made a new part that was called The Turquoise (Firouzeh). This beautiful place has unique modern and traditional style restaurants both on the inner side and in the garden area.

 

Piroozi Hotel

Piroozi Hotel is a nice four-star hotel in Isfahan. It is located in the heart of the city, quite close to historical spots of the city like the Hasht Behesht Building, Isfahan Art Market, and the bridges.it is a five-level building with 95 rooms in different styles. It has good facilities available like a daily city tour, a travel agency, and a library.

 

Ali Qapu Hotel

Ali Qapu Hotel is another four-star traditional-style hotel in Isfahan that is in the city center near the traditional, historical palaces. It has four levels and 106 rooms in various styles. It is very close to major metro stations only 5 to 7 mins. An electronic automobile is available from 8 am to 6 pm to help with the quests. Unlimited Wi-Fi, a nice restaurant, and a swimming pool are among the facilities of the hotel. You need to call reception before checking in to pick you up as the area is stone-pavement and under a specific traffic regulation.

 

Aseman Hotel

Aseman Hotel is a four-star hotel in Isfahan with 13 levels. It is located in the best area of the city and has been built in the best European style. This hotel does have the only circular restaurant in the city. It is easy to access the major tourist and business spots of Isfahan. It is noteworthy to mention that the rooms in the west wing do not have access to the outside light, and the beds are single there. Some rooms appear in the shape of apartment flats with specific facilities.

 

Safir Hotel

Safir Hotel is another four-star hotel in Isfahan that is comfortable, well-located, and economical. It is an appropriate hotel for those who want to travel to Isfahan for official work. This hotel has six levels with calm, peaceful rooms that have double-layered windowpanes to prevent the outside noise come in. Although the hotel restaurant serves delicious food and there are other nice traditional restaurants close to the hotel. There are several entertainment facilities like the swimming pool, jacuzzi, sauna, and daily city tours.

 

Attar Hotel

Attar Hotel is a very beautiful, four-star traditional-style hotel in Isfahan with eye-catching Islamic architecture. The rooms have been decorated using delicate Isfahani art. This hotel is grand and luxurious with different styles of suites. It has great facilities for entertainment like sauns, jacuzzi, swimming pool, traditional bath, Turkish bath, safety box, and other great options every tourist would like to enjoy. If you are looking for experiencing a real dreamy journey back to the heart of history, to traditional Safavid Isfahan, Attar Hotel could be a good choice as well.

 

Setareh Hotel

Setareh Hotel has been called Sadaf Hotel previously, is a clean traditional hotel in Isfahan that is situated in the historical area of the city. It has three levels with 57 rooms and suites that are beautifully decorated based on the cultural importance of the city. This hotel is near the historical palaces, gardens, and major tourist sports. Breakfast is included in this hotel, and the rooms come in several styles.

 

Sheykh Bahaei Hotel

Sheykh Bahaei Hotel is also a three-star Hotel in the heart of Isfahan that has both beauty and the practicality of being close to the major historical, tourist spots together with the official areas of the city. The building is very modern in style with 52 rooms that are well-equipped and very neat. The neighboring area is very peaceful and quiet, and the hotel staff are well-trained and fluent in the English language. The rooms come in varieties of double, twin, and single ones. The hotel does have seven levels and is close to the major metro station about 4 mins. Free unlimited Wi-Fi is another bonus of this comfortable hotel.

Although the above-mentioned hotels are the real best choices everyone could choose to stay in Isfahan, other nice traditional hotels, apartments, and furnished private flats are easily available in Isfahan. The ones stated above. However, we can guarantee their safety, popularity, and the level of attraction that they could have created among international tourists during the past years so far.