Zanjan Province in Iran

About Zanjan Province

The province of Zanjan covers an area of around 39,370 sq. km. To the east of this province is the Hamadan province, to the west is the West Azarbaijan province and to the south is the province of Kurdestan. Besides, to the north of the province are the Ardabil provinces and East Azarbaijan. Zanjan province is located in the plateau northwest of central Iran. The townships of Zanjan, Abhar, Ijrud, Khoda Bandeh, Khoram Dareh, Tarom, and Mah Neshan are the constituents of this province. 

Zanjan province comprises of two regions-plain and mountainous. The former spanning various areas of the province, and the latter is the northern sector, enveloping many high peaks or summits. In the southern territory of Zanjan, there is an alluvial plain, to the north of this vast plain are the Soltanieh heights and to the south of which stand the Qeydar heights. These form the limits of the said plain. Many rivers are flowing in this province and the most important of which being the Qezel Ozan River.

Its capital is Zanjan City. In the region, Zanjan is famous for its seedless grapes. Manufactures include bricks, cement, milled rice, and carpets. Chromium, lead, and copper is mined. Zanjan is well known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives, traditional sandals called Charugh and Malileh. Malileh is a handcraft made with silver wires. The artists of Zanjan make many things like decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry. In ancient times, Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives. But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by the introduction of Chinese knives to the market which is cheaper and better made. Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers. This is perhaps Zanjan’s most popular handcraft.

 

The Land of Salt Mummies

As mentioned above Zanjan Province is located in the northwest of Iran and is divided into mountainous and plain parts. The objects found in Cave Galijik suggest that the civilization of this province dates back to the Stone Age nearly 7000 years B.C. Geographical conditions, plenty of water, and fertile soil have made the province suitable for farming and husbandry. Most villages are of ancient origin and have interesting locations. Zanjan villages lie in plains, valleys, and foothills of the mountains and would catch the attention of any newcomer. The people of this land come from various ethnicities. Most people speak the Azari language. it is important to mention again that major handicrafts of the province include Charugh (A kind of local sandal) making, copper smiting, knife making, rug weaving, etc.

Soltaniyeh Dome

To the southwest of Kohan Dej, lies Soltaniyeh Dome, one of the structures of the Islamic era. This structure was built by the order of Sultan Mohammad Khuda Bandeh (Oljeitu) in nine years in 12th century A.D. Oljeitu and Ghazan Khan of the Il-Khan dynasty modeled this building after similar tombs in Iran. It is the third-largest brick structure in the world and the first largest one in Iran. It contains eight verandas and 50 rooms with a height of 50 meters.

Mausoleum of Chalabi Oghli

Just 500 meters to the southwest of Soltanieh Dome lies the tomb of Chalabi Oghli which was built in 12th-century CE. The complex contains a tomb and a temple. The location of graves differs from similar tombs as the Sultan is buried in the center and his followers are buried around it according to their hierarchical positions. 

 

Zanjan Congregational Mosque

Alternatively called Seyyed Mosque, the structure is located in one of the old districts of the city. The mosque was built in the 18th century and includes 4 verandas. 

 

Rakhtshur Khaneh Structure

Rakhtshur Khaneh meaning washhouse has been built in the center of the city in an area known as bara Jamal Choghuri. The structure was established 150 years ago by two masons Mashhadi Akbar and Mashahdi Esmaeil. The stones of the structure were carried from a stone mine in the village of Ajdarhatu. The structure includes two parts. The first part was the managerial and the second was the washhouse itself. 

 

Sojas Village

The village is located near the town of Khoda Bandeh, 17 km from the town of Gheydar in a plain. The village has a dry, cold climate and is divided into two halves by the Sojas river. The old congregational mosque, the mausoleum of Emamzadeh Ebrahim, and Hosseynieh tomb are among the most visited sites.

 

Kataleh Khur Cave of Garmab

The cave is located 140 km southwest of Zanjan near the village of Garmab, in the southern foothills of Mount Saghezlu. There are beautiful stalagmites and stalactites in different colors there. The skeleton of a four-feet animal which has changed into a calcite fossil has been found.

Dash Kassan Caves

These caves are located 10 km distance southeast of Soltanieh nearby Vir village. They are rectangular caves with a depth of 400 meters, the widths vary from 50 to 300 meters. Inside the main cave, there are 3 other caves with beautiful carvings of symmetric dragons with a length of 3.5 meters. On both sides, floral designs and Arabesques can be seen. They have been carved by Chinese artists who were brought to this land upon the order of Oljeitu, the Mongolian ruler of the time. Different works of art belonging to the Sassanid and Il-Khan periods have been discovered at the site.

Historical Attractions:

Soltaniyeh dome as one of the large brick shells of the world and one of the masterpieces of Il-Khan period architecture, Dash Kasan Caves, Alamdar and Sa’idabad hills in Abhar, Zolfaghari building, Shemiran, Sansizosity Castle, Golshan and Malek Caravansaries, Gheisariyeh, Haji Dadash, and Mirbaha traditional baths, Rakhtshuy Khaneh historical building, Marbaha Ad-Din, Sardar, and Haj Seyed Mohammad foundations in Zanjan. 

 

Cultural Attractions: 

Abhar and Ghorveh Friday-prayer Mosques, Zeid Ul-Kabir, Mohammad, Ebrahim, and Esma’il holy shrines in Abhar City, Sajas Friday-Prayer Mosque, Ghidar Nabi mausoleum in Khoda Bandeh City, Mirza’i, Gholamir, and Seyed Ebrahim holy shrine in Zanjan. 

 

Natural Attraction:

Garmab and Ghar Katleh hot springs in Khoda Bandeh city, Abdak, Arkoin, Angouran, Allah baghi, and Nigjeh springs and Anguran preserved Area in Zanjan.

 

Yazd Province in Iran

About Yazd Province

Yazd Province is another of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the hub of Iran country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd. The province has been divided into ten counties: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Behabad, Khatam, Mehriz, Meybod, Ashkezar, Taft, and Yazd County. The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.

Yazd province is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet. The city itself is sometimes called “the bride of the Kavir” because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4,075 meters above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city proper is located 1,203 meters above sea level.

 

The Land of Air Ducts

Yazd Province is located in the center of Iran. Since Yazd is far from the sea and the humidity is low, the province has long hot summers and cold winters. It has poor vegetation and the only places with rich lawns are the foothills of Shirkuh Mountain. Kalmandan and Bahadoran are two nature reserves of the province that are the habitats to different species of animals like Iranian gazelles, rams, ibexes, mountain goats, leopards, hyenas, foxes, wolves, and birds like grouses, eagles, magpies, partridges, and bustard. The desert province enjoys favorable weather conditions only for half of the year, but the attractions of the desert-like clear sunny sky, starry nights, absolute silence, and alluring mirages have turned this province into a place of interest for tourists. 

The adherents of the three religions of Islam, Judaism, and Zartoshti (Zoroastrianism) have peaceful coexistence in Yazd. The most important ceremonies of Zoroastrianism include Mahaneh, Fasli, Noruz-e Jamshidi, Sadeh, etc. The major famous Jewish festival is the Pesach or Passover. The important handicrafts of the province include velvet weaving, Termeh weaving, coarse blanket weaving, straw mat weaving, blanket weaving, etc. y and weaving, blanket weaving, etc. The old city of Yazd as the biggest alive mudbrick city in the world was registered as a world heritage site in 2017.

 

 Friday Mosque of Yazd

This Mosque was founded in the twelfth century, the current structure dates to several building phases during the fourteenth century with significant addition during the fifteenth, and eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. The high barrel-vaulted iwan leads to an expansive domed sanctuary. Large rectangular winter prayer halls flank the sanctuary and Iwan, a layout that resembles the Sasanian triple-Iwan plan. The mosque is also significant for the early and substantial use of transverse vaulting in the rectangular winter prayer halls, a system that also has precedents in Sasanian structures. 

 

In the northwest prayer hall, the system is perfected, with narrow supporting arches and wide vaults pierced with fenestrated octagonal cupolas. The tile decoration is also noteworthy, although much is restoration. The dome is articulated with geometric decorative brickwork in turquoise and white on an unglazed buff field. Decorative brickwork laid in epigrams covers most wall surfaces within the sanctuary, above a turquoise tile dado with mosaic medallions that continues into the Iwan. The Mihrab is sheathed with naturalistic vegetal designs rendered in remarkable faience mosaic. The winter prayer halls are painted white, contrasting with the vibrant multi-colored sanctuary.

 

Yazd Air-ducts

One of the characteristics of architecture in the city of Yazd is designing houses with air ducts. The air ducts are made of bricks, plaster, and wood. They are made in houses for ventilating.

 

Dolat- Abad Garden

This garden which is one of the famous gardens of the Zand dynasty contains different buildings which were the settlement palaces of the rulers at the time. The Dolat Abad aqueduct supplies water to this garden. There are different kinds of trees like pines, grapes, pomegranate, etc. This is an interesting site to visit for its architecture, setting, and watering system.

 

Narenj Ghaleh Castle

Also called Narin Ghaleh, the castle is located on top of the Galin hill facing the city of Meybod. It is a five-story pre-Islamic castle made of mud and clay.

 

Zeyn Od-Din caravanserai

This caravanserai is located on the road of Yazd to Kerman at a 60 KM distance from Yazd city. This structure has been built t the same time as the Ganj Ali Khan bathhouse in Kerman. This is a round brick structure with five towers.

 

Amir Chakhmagh Mosque

The mosque which is one of the Timurid era structures was built at the order of Amir Jalal Ad-Din Chakhmagh, the ruler of Yazd in the 13th century CE.

 

Historical Attractions:

Ancient and important historical attractions in Yazd province include: Sageneh and Khargushi inns, caravanserais of Hose- Jafar, Valeh- Abad, and old houses are in the city of Ardakan. Ali-Abad caravanserai, old water storages, old castles of Eslamiyeh, Shavaz, and the old garden of Golshan are in the city of Taft. Great tower (Minaret) of Golshan, old citadel and mausoleum of Sepah Salar in the city of Tabass, castles of Khormirz and Saryazd in Mehreez. Water storage of Hassan Abad, castles of Barjin, Rokn Abad, and Narin are in Meybod. Old houses of Lary-Ha, Arabs, Rasolian, Hatters, Malek al-Tojjar, and Asadi, old water storages of Seyed, Sahra, six air vent holes (six Badgir), Khajeh, Golshan, and Rostam, old schools of Khan, Zia’ieyeh, Abolmo’ali, Domana, and Abdul-Rahim Khan, castles of Ibrahim Abad, Zarach and Aez Abad in Yazd.

 

Religious Attractions: 

The most important religious attractions in Yazd Province are the old mosques of Zirdeh, Haji Rajab, Zardak, Muhammad Hossein, Kharanegh, and the Jame’ Mosque in Ardakan. Old mosques of Shodeh, Islamiyah, Bida Khoyed, Tarazjan, Khaneghah (monastery) of Taft. The holy shrine of Tabas, the Jame’ Mosque, and Mehr Padin Mosque in Mehreez, holy shrines of Khadijeh Khatun in Meybod. The Jame’ Mosque, Mir Chomagh Mollah Isma’il, Zaviyeh, Sabat, Four Minaret (Mennar), Mausoleum, of Abu Jafar, Seyed Khalil, twelve Imams, Shah Reza, Seyed Gol Sorkh, Rokn Ad-Din, Shams Ad-Din, and holy Zoroastrian sites in the city of Yazd.

 

Natural Attraction:

The Most Amazing and beautiful natural attractions in Yazd Province are: Caves of Hamaneh, Ashkoft, and Abolghasem Rashti are in Ardakan. The caves of Frashah and B’ad Maesom are in Taft. Natural spring of Gharbalbiz, Gardens of Golkar, Akrami and Sarasiab are in Mehreez. Meybod old Glacier, Gardens of Dowlat Abad, Khan, Kolah Farangi, and Moshir are in Yazd.

West Azerbaijan Province in Iran

 

About West Azerbaijan

West Azerbaijan is located in the northwestern province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The province has over 3 million people, excluding Lake Urmia, with an area of ​​37411 square kilometers. West Azerbaijan has common water and soil border with three foreign countries: Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq. It is located just a few kilometers from the fourth country, Armenia, and in this respect, it is the most unique province of Iran. 

This picturesque province, backed by vast and long-standing historical and peoples of different religions, religions, and ethnicities, including Shiites, Sunnis, Assyrians, Armenians, Turks, and Kurds. It is a symbol of peaceful coexistence in Iran or even coexistence in the world. West Azerbaijan has three major garden products include apple, grape, peach. This province having worldwide recorded historical monuments, including Takht-e-Soleyman and Ghara Church, and being among the top 10 provinces in terms of historical and cultural monuments listed in the National Monuments List.

Land of Apple Gardens

In the northwest of Iran, there is a wonderful land with high mountains bordering Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq. From the earliest times of history different tribes of Kurds, Azaris, Assyrians, and Armenians have been living peacefully in this part of the world. This is attested by various churches and fire temples that are extant in the region. The mountains of the province are connected to Ararat Mountain Range in eastern Turkey. These mountainous areas make some of the best resorts in Iran.

Lake Uremia, one of the saltiest lakes of the world, is located in the province and contains many islands which are the habitats of different kinds of local and migrating birds. The people of this province are famous for being hardworking and dignified. Most of them earn their livings through farming and husbandry. Apple gardens have bestowed a unique beauty to this province. The Azari music comes in as many diverse styles as the number of tribes living there. Different kinds of group dance are common among the Kurds and the Azari in which men and women dance together. The handicrafts of the province include carpet, rug, and drugget weaving and woodworks.

Hasanlu Ancient Hill 

The hill has a height of 20 meters and is located 12 km northeast of the town of Naghadeh. Based on archeological researches by Mr. Dyson, the civilization on this hill dates back to the 6th millennium BC. A temple, a gifting platform, and some rooms have been discovered and the most important object which has been found in Hasanlu is a dish that belongs to Mana tribes living 1300-800 BC.

Takht-e Soleyman 

This is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iran. It is located near the town of Takab on a hill 20 meters above the plain level. Around the structure, there is a thick wall made of stone and plaster which is 5 meters wide, 14 meters high, and 1200 meters long. The outer part of the wall is made of carved stones and there are 38 funnel-like defensive towers. Inside the castle, there is a lake, the palace of Sassanid King Khosro I, Abaghakhan Palace, and the Azargoshasb temple.

Inscriptions of King Shapur II 

Noruz garden is located in the east of the main square of Salmas town. In the west of this garden, there is a huge stone carving in the Pahlavi language (Middle Persian language). The inscription dates back to the time of King Shapur II and Narseh (Narses) of the Sassanid dynasty in the 3rd-century CE.

Bastam castle 

The ancient castle is located near Bastam Ghara Ziaad-Din village. It contains a temple, a bazaar, a government division, protecting walls, gates, and secret passages. Based on archeological evidence, the castle dates back to the 7th century BC.

Baghcheh Jugh palace 

This palace is located in a large garden with an area of 11 hectares in the town of Maku. The structure dates back to the Qajar era (19th century) and was built at the order of Eqbal os-Saltaneh Makuyi, the region’s ruler of the time. The architectural style is greatly influenced by Russian architecture. This palace has two floors with lots of rooms and a shingle roof. The interior decoration mainly consists of plaster and mirror work. The exterior decoration consists of flat stones with plaster statues. 

Ghara Kelisa 

Saint Taddeus Church is located in Ghara Kelisa village, in one of the regions of Maku town. The church is also the tomb of Saint Taddeus who came from Mesopotamia to the region in 43 A.D. to preach Christianity but was martyred at the hand of the king of Armenia in 66 A.D. The church consists of two white and black pants in a land area of 6285 square meters. The white dome is 24 meters high and the black one is 18.6 meters high. There are 24 abbeys around it with bas-reliefs of human faces, columns, and arches. A ceremony is held every year on the anniversary of Saint Tadi’s martyrdom. The structure was registered in UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008, along with other Armenian Monastic ensembles in Iran.

Lake Urmia 

This is the largest lake in Iran which is 130- 140 km long, 15-50 km wide, and 50-60 meters deep. The water in this lake is too salty for fish or other sea creatures except for a kind of mollusk called Artima. The water of this lake never freezes. Physicians were always aware of the therapeutic effect of Lake Urmia water on skin diseases which is owing to its high level of minerals. This lake also contains 102 large and small deserted islands which are natural habitats of local and migrating birds.

Salmas Waterfall 

This waterfall is located near the city of Sardasht. It is 10 meters high and the green surrounding valleys give it a unique beauty.

Historical Attractions:

Friday-Prayer Mosque of Orumiyeh, Neneh Maryam Church, Margioshouy Church, Kalimian Synagogue, Orumiyeh traditional bazaar, Kalleh Shin tablet, Ghalaichi hill, Takht-e Soleyman, Gharah Kelisa, virgin Mary Castle, Mausoleum of Shams Tabrizi, Matlab Khan Mosque, Bastam stronghold, Baghcheh Jugh Palace, Hameh Mosque of Mahabad, Gur Dakhmeh, Fakhrikah, Hasanlu hill, and so on.

Natural Attraction:

Followings are the main natural attractions of the West Azerbaijan province: Gharah Gol Wetland, Sahulan Cave, Sad Mahabad lake, Agh Gol, Esgh Abad, Gravn Spring of Sardasht, Shelmash, etc.

Tehran Province in Iran

About Tehran Province

Tehran Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Tehran is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran. This province was put as part of the First Region with its secretariat located in its capital city, Tehran, upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions alone for coordination and development purposes. It borders Mazandaran Province in the north, Qom Province in the south, Semnan Province in the east, and Alborz Province in the west. 

The metropolis of Tehran is the capital city of the province and Iran. This Province is the richest province of Iran and it is the most industrialized province in Iran. The province gained importance when Tehran was claimed as the capital by the Qajar dynasty in 1778. 

 

The Heart of Iran

Until 200 years ago on the foothills of the Alborz Mountains, there was a small, mild weather village that a few people had heard of, but this small village was selected as the capital city of the Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. From that time on, the world knew Tehran as the main center of Iranian politics and economy. Since then, many people have immigrated to Tehran and have made it a densely populated city. Although Tehran has been the capital city of Iran for only 200 years, the civilization of this city dates back to 7000 BC.

 

Sa’d Abad Cultural complex

This palace is located in the highest, farthest northern part of Tehran with mild weather conditions. It has an area of 400 hectares, of which 180 hectares have been made into a large garden with different species of flowers and trees. There are 14 buildings in the compound and many recreational facilities such as playgrounds, swimming pools, etc.

 

Golestan Palace

This is one of the most beautiful and oldest structures of Tehran which is the memorial citadel of history and governments. It was built by the order of king Tahmasb I of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th-century CE. It was restored by the order of Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty in the 18th century and the Qajar era was used as the settlement palace of the royal family. It consists of a marble throne, Karim Khani special room, a mirror hall, etc.

 

Museum of Ancient Iran

This museum with an area of 2744 square meters was built in 1935 in two years under the supervision of French architect Andrea Guedar. This is the first scientific museum of Iran and contains objects related to civilization and art of the pre-historic era, from the 6th millennium BC to the Islamic era. It is one of the most valuable and reputable museums in the world.

Museum of Contemporary Arts

The museum is located on north Kargar street next to Laleh Park. The architecture of the building combines traditional and modern styles. This museum, which opened to the public in 1977, has three floors, nine galleries with paintings by Pablo Picasso, Paul Gougen, Cloud Mouneh, and George Berg, a library, and an audio-visual department. In the garden, statues by Marino Marini, Parviz Tanavoli, Rene Margaret, Henry Moore, Alexander Calder, Max Bell, Alberto Jakoti, etc have been gathered. The museum also holds a large part of the illustrated Shahnameh Tahmasebi.

 

Toghril tower

The structure in Shahr-e Rayy, which has a height of 20 meters, belongs to the Seljuk era. Most probably this tower is the tomb of Toghril I, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty. It was restored in the 18th century after many of its Kufic tablets and designs had been destroyed.

 

Varamin Congregational Mosque

The foundation of this mosque, which is the most important historical structure of the town of Varamin was made during the kingdom of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh and was completed during the kingdom of his son, Sultan Abu Saeed in the 12th century CE. It was reconstructed by Shahrokh Mirza, one of the kings of the Timurid era in the 13th century. The mosque consists of an entrance gate, a portal, arches, and the main part and includes decorations like tile work and tablets.

 

Cheshmeh Ali Spring 

The spring is located in the south of Tehran and until 1940 people used it for swimming and washing. The civilization of this area dates back to 4000 BC. There are monuments from the Seljuk, Umavid, Abbasid, and Qajar dynasties there.

 

Oshun-Fasham Districts

These two regions are located 30 and 35 km northeast of Tehran. They have a mild climate with numerous fruit gardens. other villages include Ahar, Shekarab, Lalun, Zaygun, Garmab Darreh, and Meygun which are located within the same region and make perfect weekend resorts.

 

 

Historical Attractions:

Palaces of Saltanat-Abad, Golestan, Sorkheh Hesar, and Saheb-Gharaniyeh. Saltanat Abad, old schools of Dar ul-Fonun, and Marvi in Tehran. Fat’h-Ali-Shah caravanserai in Robat Karim, historical castles of Tabarak, Iraj, towers of Naghareh Khaneh, Toghrol tower, Harun ar-Rashid’s, and Gebri hill are in the city of Rayy. Zoroastrian Cemetery, Wooden bridge, and Shah Caravanserai are in Savejbelagh. Tanghwashi construction in Firuz-Kuh, the Sassanid palace of Soleymaniyeh and Ashkani Takht-e Rostam fire temple in Karaj, tower of Ala Uddowleh in Varamin.

 

Religious Attraction:

The holy shrines of Emamzadeh Davud, Emamzadeh Saleh, Emam Abdullah, Emamzadeh Zayd, and old mosques of Imam Khomeini, Seyed Azizollah, Sepahsalar, and the holy shrine of Imam Khomeini in Tehran. The holy shrine of Hazrat Emamzadeh Abd ul- ’Azim, Mausoleum of Ibn Babevey. The holy shrine of Emamzadeh Hamzeh in the city of Rayy. The holy shrines of Emam Ja’far, Hossiniyeh Joestan, and the house of Ayatollah Taleghani in Savejbelagh. The holy shrine of Emamzadeh Ghasem is in Shemiran. The shrines of Emamzadeh Hashem and Jame’ Mosque are in Firuz-Kuh.

 

Natural Attraction:

Lakes and dams, rivers, springs, waterfalls: Amir Kabir’s lake and dam is in Karaj. Lar lake and dam are in the Lar region in the city of Damavand. Lake Ahang is on the Firuz Kuh road and Lake Ziar on the Haraz road. Karaj, Jajrud, Lar, Habaleh, Abhar, and Taleghan . A’la in Damavand, Ghalae, Dokhtar, and Ab Ali, on the Haraz road, and hot springs of Larijan. Lar, in the La region in Damavand, twins in Shemiranat, Oshun in Darband area, Shakarab in Meygun region, and Yakh-Kooh waterfall in the Damavand that is one of the most famous historical falls in the world.

 

Mountains and Shelters, Ski Resorts, Caves:

Damavand is the highest mountain in Iran and is located in the northeast of Tehran. Tochal Peak in southern slopes of Alborz Mountain, peaks and shelters of Kolak Chal, shelters of Palang Chal, And Shir Pala. Darband–Sar, and Shemshak in the northeast of Tehran, Ab-Ali on the Haraz road, Dizin in Karaj, and Chalus road. Gol-zard, Rud Afshan, in Damavand, Bur-Nik in Damavand and, Firuz-Kuh road ,Yakh– Morad in Tehran Chalus road and Biuk-Agha in Kan Rud.

 

South Khorasan Province in Iran

About South Khorasan Province

South Khorasan Province is located in the east of Iran and is limited to Razavi Khorasan from the north, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Kerman from the south, Yazd, Semnan, and Isfahan from the west, and has about 331 kilometers shared boundaries with Farah state, Afghanistan from the East. The center of the province is Birjand. The other major cities are Ferdows, Tabas, and Qaen. Considering uneven areas, South Khorasan can be divided into two parts: High mountains and plains. Mountains are mostly located in the northern and central regions of the province and the plains are in the south and southwest, next to the Afghanistan border.

 “Nayband” mountain in Tabas with 2980 meter height is the peak of the province while “ Tabas Kavir Dehestan” with a 530-meter height from the sea level is the lowest region. The province climate is desert and dry. The province’s hot period is long. It is started from May and prolong up to September. The cold months are October, November, and December. South Khorasan is also considered to be one of the biggest centers of producing saffron, barberry, jujube, cotton, and pomegranate. This province has a higher potential compared to other provinces in terms of mineral resources. As this area has a special climate, it never tempted invaders a lot to attack it. That’s why the people’s language and race have not been under great changes. Hence, Fars and Farsi have been the dominant race and language, respectively, the formal race and language become untouched. 

 

Land of the Red Gold

In the east of Iran and on the borders of the Lut desert, there is a small province that produces more than 60 percent of the world’s saffron. Other products of the province include barberry and jujube. Southern Khorasan is the land of pure people with white clothes. Their music also reflects their simplicity and serenity.

Saffron

Planting saffron using old traditional methods has been common in this province from ancient times. In addition to its medical and edible uses, Saffron has been used for painting and as ink for writing. It has also been used to illustrate the cover of the Quran as well as writing prayers.

Kolah Farangi Building

The structure is located in Birjand city with an area of 677 square meters on 6 floors and the form of a Ziggurat. Two floors were used for special occasions and the other four were built to shape a decorative form for this building. It dates back to the Zand dynasty in the 17th and 18th centuries CE. The interior decoration includes mainly plasterwork.

Akbarieh Garden

Akbarieh House and Garden are one of the historical buildings in Birjand. This building was built on two floors in the Qajar era by Shokat al-Molk. This garden is at the end of Moallem Street in Akbarieh village in Birjand which is the center of southern Khorasan. With the expansion of Birjand, now the garden is located inside the city. This monument includes a mirror hall, pergola dome, honeycomb Muqarnas decorations, and official schemes that were merely for catering to domestic and foreign political agents.

Khur Village

This village is located 83 km southwest of the town of Birjand in an area called Khusf. The historical architecture of this village has been greatly influenced by the geographical features of this area. The houses are made of mud. Architectural features include domes, central yards, hexagonal rooms with corridors, thick walls, pools, and small gardens.

Nahbandan Desert

The city of Nahbandan, one of the most beautiful cities of southern Khorasan, is located in the Lut desert in the south of the city of Birjand. One of the most wonderful sites of the city is Dehsalam village, on the road of Kerman to Sistan in the southwest of the city of Nahbandan. Although this village is located in the desert, there is a thick vegetation and lots of palm-tree gardens which have increased the beauty of this region.

 

Jujube Tree

As the south Khorasan borders the desert with hot and dry weather conditions, there is a special kind of vegetation, proper for this region. Jujube trees can perfectly adapt to the environment of this region. It uses little water and has got green leaves during five months of the year, in spring and summer. The small red fruits which have medical usages are picked in September. These trees are found mostly in the eastern parts of the province.

 

Khezri Stone Bridge and Farsan Cave

Farsan stone bridge is located in the 62-kilometer distance of Qayen town, the 12-kilometer distance of the north of Khezri town, and in the 2-kilometer distance of the east of Saquri village. In terms of leisure, this promenade has a very suitable condition.  Stone bridge with 30 meters of length and a 20-meter height alongside several other small and large caves is the shelter of birds of prey, especially wild dove.

Abbasi Dam

Shah Abbasi Taq has the highest record among the historical buildings in Iran! A dam with 60 meters’ height that not only is called the oldest and greatest arch dam in the world but also has been known for 550 years as the highest dam in the world. However, Shah Abbasi Dam has another name that no other dam has ever been able to gain. The thinnest dam in the world is due to the one-meter dam crest.

 

Morteza Ali Hot Spring

To visit this amazing place, it must pass Tabas City and 5 more kilometers on foot most of which passes through water to reach Morteza Ali Fountain! There are high valley-shaped walls on both sides, on which there are small and big cavities in a specific order. Some of these cavities are hot springs of water, the greatest of which is known as Morteza Ali Bath. The first spring called Ghanbar flows from the east to west (following the slope of the valley) and it is cold. Having passed 6 kilometers, Morteza Ali Fountain appears. The cause of hot water is fracture and pressure in the faults. 

Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran

 

About Sistan and Baluchestan Province

The province of Sistan and Baluchestan is located in the South-East of Iran country. This covers an area of 181,578 km2, and it is the largest province in the Islamic Republic of Iran. From the South, the province has a coastal border with the Oman Sea. In the East, it borders Pakistan and Afghanistan. On the North, it is bordered by the Southern Khorasan Province and on the West, it borders Kerman and Hormozgan provinces.

The province has 7 main cities, namely, Zahedan (the capital city), Zabol, Khash, Saravan, Iranshahr, Nikshahr, and Chabahar. There are several smaller cities also which are scattered throughout the province. This province has special significance in the area because of being situated in a strategic and transit location, especially Chabahar which is the only ocean in Iran and the best and easiest access route of the middle Asian countries to free waters.

Zahedan city as the center of Sistan-Baluchestan is the neighborhood of Khorasan province in the north, the province of Kerman in the west, and in the south is within the limits of the townships of Iran Shahr and Khash. Zahedan has a tropical type of climate in the south, but to the north, it is comparatively moderate. 

 

The land of Legendary Heroes 

Sistan and Baluchestan consist of two distinct parts of Sistan and Baluchestan. The two parts are different in terms of natural features. Sistan to the north of the province is a flat plain and Baluchestan to the south is a mountainous area. The only river flowing in this land is the Hirmand. The river originates from the Baba Mountains in Afghanistan and flows to Hamun lake. The Khash and Chabahar regions are the most beautiful parts of the province that enjoy mild climate because of being located near the Oman Sea. 

Based on the documents found in the excavations in the Burnt City of Zabol (Shahr-e Sukhteh Zabol), the civilization in this province dates back to 3100 to 1900 BC. In the Achaemenid period, this province was the region warehouse for the entire land of Iran. All kings and rulers of different eras have paid specific attention to this land as it has been the connecting route of the east and west. The local people are usually from two races of Sistani and Baluchi. The people are mostly involved in husbandry activities with some forms of nomad life.

 

Shahr-e Sukhteh

This city is located at 60 km distance to the south of the city of Zabol, 6 km to Ghaleh Rostam. The city has an area of 2.5 square kilometers and contains hills with a height of 50 meters. The civilization in this area dates back to 3100 to 1900 BC.

 

Khajeh Mountain

The mountain which is one of the most valuable historical places of this province is located in the middle of Lake Hamun. It has a height of 900 meters and the remains of a palace and a temple with beautiful plasterwork and paintings belonging to the Parthian and Sassanid dynasties have been discovered. The shrine of Khajeh Ghaltan, Pir Gandom Berin, and a graveyard are also located there.

 

Dahaneh Gholaman Hill

This ancient hill which is located at 44 km distance to ghaleh No has a height of 28 meters. Some monuments belonging to the Achaemenid era have been discovered during archeological excavations.

 

Local Clothes

Traditional clothing of the people in any region is directly related to their culture and geographical features. Clothing also shows the beliefs and artistic tastes of the people of a region. Various colors are used in the traditional clothing of the province’s local people. Men’s clothing consists of a shirt, an outer garment, a white turban, a thick belt, hand-made socks, and shoes with an upward curve at the toe. The Baluchi men’s clothing consists of a turban, white thin trousers which are put in the socks, and a simple outer garment that sometimes is decorated with silk work. The women’s clothing consists of a wide collar blouse and an outer garment with shoes similar to those of men’s.

 

Chabahar Free Economic Zone

Chabahar is situated in the southern-most part of the province on the shores of the Sea of Oman. The town was formerly called the Tis port. Today is one of the most important free economic zones of Iran.

 

Lake Hamun

This lake is a suitable shelter for different rare species of plants and animals. The vegetation of this lake provides a perfect hiding habitat for different species of fish as well as birds such as eagles, hawks, and other hunting birds.

 

Sistan Crocodile

This kind of crocodile which is unique to this region lives in the shallow waters of the sarbāz river.

 

The Desert of Sistan

The Lut desert, one of the hottest and driest deserts of the world, covers a large part of the province. The Lut desert in Central Iran stretches about 200 miles (320 km) from northwest to southeast and is about 100 miles wide. In the east, a great massive of dunes and sand rises, while in the west an extensive area of high ridges is separated by wind-swept corridors. In its lowest, salt-filled depression less than 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, the summer heat and low humidity are believed to be unsurpassed anywhere.

 

Historical Attraction:

Spidej, Dast Mohammad Khan, Pip, Fīruz Abad, Heriduk, Bazman, Daman, Maskutan, and Chehel Dokhtar ancient castles in Iranshahr, Shahr-e Sukhteh (Burnt City) holding ancient structures and artifacts, Tasuki and Dahaneh Gholaman hills, and Teymur and Zabol and Ghasem Abad Mill in Zabol City, Sam Castle, and Rabat Shurgaz in Zahedan, Ghasr Ghand ancient castle in Chabahar, Kelar Tak ancient hills, Rubahak, Mahtab Khazaneh, Mir Omar Passage and Sib Castle in Saravan

 

Spiritual Attraction:

Hakim and Sharifi Mosques in Zabol, Friday-prayer and Shiite mosques in Zahedan, Gholam Rasuli shrine in Chabahar, Dar ul-Olum Mosque, and Ancient Mosque in Saravan.

 

Natural Attractions: 

Kenti, Tang, Hurrian, Meskan, Tasht, Jamshid, Spidej, Puzeh, Dabbagh, and Bazman hot springs, and Katoukan Mine, Bazman Preserved Area and Bampur Forest in Iranshahr, Ziarat, and Yar Mohammadi Springs, Keshman and Gurband Promenades in Zahedan, Dushing, Shargh Taftan, Zang, Morghab, Torshab, Ganj Amin, and Barab mineral water springs, and the Taftān Park in Khash, and Nakhl Saravan Forests.

 

Semnan Province in Iran

About Semnan Province

Semnan province is located on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, on the middle border of Alborz and the beautiful desert plain. So, eye-catching and attractive sceneries along with various climates can be found in this region continuously. Semnan Province also spelled Samnan, located in northern Iran, bounded by the Khorasan Razavi and South Khorasan on the east, Isfahan on the south, Qom and Tehran on the west, and Mazandaran and North Khorasan on the north. The northern half of the region is an extension of the Alborz Mountain pierced by narrow defiles. It is home to Semnani languages and is known as Seman locally.

The city of Semnan enjoys the traditional four seasons of spring, summer, winter, and autumn each year. The main population centers of Semnan Province lie along with the old silk route (and modern-day Imam Reza Expressway), linking Rey (Tehran) with Khorasan (Mashhad). The large and crowded cities of Semnan are Damghan, and Shahrud (Bastam) all have a small selection of historic buildings and Semnan has a fine old covered bazaar.

Historically aspects, Semnan was considered as one of the great provinces of the Parthia during the whole period of the rules of the Medes and Achaemenes, Kumisneh or Kumishan (Qoms after Islam). In this period, Semnan was the border city of the Parthian and Median states. So, some historians sometimes consider it as part of the Medes and sometimes part of the Parthians.

 

Land of Ancient Cultures

It mentioned that Semnan Province is located in the northern parts of Iran on the border of the Lut desert. It is good to know the southern parts of the province are hot and dry and have a favorable climate only for half of the year. A starry sky, absolute silence, unique sceneries, outstanding mirages, etc are some of the attractions of the desert. The people of this province are ethnic Persians and speak the Persian language.

 

Semnan Bazaar

This place was constructed in the early Qajar period and comprises two sections named the northern and western sectors. The northern segment could regard as a vast place, having numerous rows and alleys. Also, there are five mosques, three public baths, four local inns or caravansaries (in a ruined state), and a large area in which religious ceremonies are performed.

 

Darvazeh Arg-e Semnan

This is a Qajar structure dating back to the 18th-century CE. The structure is 7 meters high and consists of a governmental division and a northern gate. The battle of the legendary hero Rostam and Div-e Sepid (White devil) is illustrated by the seven-colored tile work.

 

Masjed-e Tarikhaneh

This historical Mosque and structure in Damghan belong to the Islamic era dating back to the 7th century CE. During the Sassanid era, the building was a Zoroastrian temple but later it was turned into a mosque. The importance of this structure lies in the combination of Islamic and Sassanid Persian architectures.

 

Baiazid Bastamis Tomb

The tomb of Baiazid Bastami, an Iranian poet and mystic is located in the town of Bastam. It is interesting to know he was one of the founders of Sufism. There is one iron window in this structure. On the marble gravestone, the words of Imam Ali’s worshipping prayers have been carved.

 

Mehmandust Tower

This tower is located at a 20 km distance from the northeast of the city of Damghan near Imam Abad village. The internal diameter of this tower is 7.92 meters and has a height of 12 meters. This is a brick tower and dates back to King Sanjar of the Seljuk dynasty in the 11th century CE.

 

Rig-e Jenn Desert

This desert is located in the west and southwest of Dasht-e Kavir. This desert covers an area of 3800 square kilometers. The desert is an enormous area of dunes with a gentle slope on the western part due to the prevailing winds from the west to the east and a steep slope on the eastern side. Thus, passing through the desert by cars from the east to the west is very difficult and impossible.

 

Cheshmeh Ali Damghan

This place is located some 35 kilometers northwest of Damghan, the almost 200-year-old small garden, Cheshmeh Ali is now a pleasure garden visited by many locals and tourists every week, especially during summer days. The old building in the lake which was constructed by Fat’h Ali shah Qajar, a small Mosque down the lake together with the natural beauty of the garden and the soft breeze over the lake, and the garden’s 400-year-old trees are among Cheshmeh Ali’s tourist attractions.

 

Semnan Villages

Semnan has huge natural features such as being located in the mountainous or near the fringes of the desert the rural settlements of Semnan province uphold special characteristics. Such instance can be the vicinities of Shahmirzad, Sangsar, Padeh, and Goorsepid. Whereas other settlements named, Forumad, DarjezinLasjerd, Ahovan, and Miandasht come under the category of being ancient and historical.

 

Handicraft and Souvenir of Semnan

The most important handicrafts in this province are as follow: Kilims or coarsely woven carpets, a variety of calico or ‘block printed’ articles, earthenware, ceramics, and hand-woven articles can be picked up at the handicrafts center and bazaars.

 

Historical Attraction:

Prehistoric Tappeh Hesar, Pir-Alamdar mausoleum belonging to the early Islamic period, Chehel Dokhtaran circular tower of Seljuk period (1038-1194 Ad) and Mehmandust brick tower belonging to the Seljuk period in Dameghan city, Arg-e Soltani gate belonging to the Qajar period (1779-1924 Ad) and Shah Abbas caravanserai in Semnan, Biar Castle in Shahrud, Garmsar, Deh Namak, and Ivanaki caravanserais, Nuh Hesar, Mohammad Abad, and Chahar Bashlu ancient baths, Ali Abad, Nasar, Deh Namak, and Kushk Cisterns, and Siah Kuh, Shah Abbas, and Eynal Rashid ancient palaces in Garmsar.

 

Spiritual Attraction:

Emamzadeh Ja’far and Mahmud shrines and Friday prayer mosque in Damghan, Friday Mosque and Soltani Mosque in Semnan, Saljughi, Bastam, and the shrine of Bayazid Bastami, and Garmsar Friday Mosque.

 

Natural Attractions:

Darband natural landscapes in Semnan, and Khosh Yeylagh Preserved zone in Shahrud and Parvar in Semnan.

Qom Province in Iran

About Qom Province

Qom Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is somehow in the north of the country, and its provincial capital is the city of Qom. It was formed from part of Tehran Province. Qom, also spelled Qum, lies on both banks of the Rud-e Qom and beside a salt desert, the Dasht-e Kavir, 147 km south of Tehran.

In the 8th century, Qom was one of the centers of Shiʿi Islam. In 816 Faṭimah, the sister of the eighth Imam of the Twelver Shiah died in the town and was buried there. It became a place of pilgrimage in the 17th century when the Safavid rulers built a golden-domed shrine over Fatimah’s tomb. The modern city has the largest Madrasa (theological college) in the country, where students can specialize in Islamic Low, philosophy, theology, and logic.

 

The Religious Capital of Iran

Qom province is located somehow in the north part of Iran. Due to uneven land and different altitudes varying from 600 meters to 3330 meters, it has three different climates such as mountainous, semi-dry and dry. The important attractions of this province are the Salt Lake, Hoz-e Soltan lake, south desert, Salt Hills, Mountains, and beautiful gardens of the west and southwest. The people of this province speak Persian. Nowadays, Qom is a religious city whose economy is based on religious tourism. Archeologists believe that the civilization of this region dates back to the new Stone Age and many objects found in the Qomrud area confirm and prove it.

The plains and the hills to the southwest have been among the most important places where Aryan tribes lived. The fact that many ancient temples, towers, castles, bridges, and caravanserais have been discovered in the area indicates that Qom was an important part of Iran, special during the Sassanid dynasty. After Iranians adopted Islam, Qom flourished into an important city. One of the great-grandchildren of Prophet Mohammad living in the 8th century, Hazrat-e Ma’sumeh (SA) is buried there. Therefore, little by little, Qom’s role changed into the spiritual capital of Iran.

 

Holy Shrine of Hazrat-e Ma’sumeh (SA)

Hazrat-e Ma’sumeh complex, one of the most important Islamic constructions of all time in Iran, is located in the city center. This structure is built on the tomb of Hazrat-e Ma’sumeh, daughter of Imam Musa Kazem (the seventh Shiite Imam) and the sister of Imam Reza (the eighth Shiite Imam). This structure includes the holy shrine, an old courtyard, a new courtyard, and the tombs of the Safavid and Qajar kings. The decorations of this structure are mirror-works, title-works, plaster-works, stone-works, and calligraphy.

 

Jamkaran Mosque

Masjed-e Jamkaran is located to the southeast of Qom and hosts many Iranian and foreign pilgrims. The construction of the mosque dates back to the 8th-century CE.

Atiq Mosque of Qom

An Islamic interpreter and narrator of Hadith constructed the Friday Mosque of Qom in the 19th century. Iranians renovated the mosque many times over the years. It is a symbol of the architecture of different periods.

 

Qom Bazaar

This market consists of two old and new parts. The old part of the market is adjoining the Arabestan neighborhood which is the Islamic center of the city of Qom. Carpentry is the common activity of the old part and other kinds of businesses are active in the new part. These parts date back to Seljuk and IlKhan dynasties. The internal decoration of this market is simple and is made of plaster and bricks.

 

Imamzadeh Abdollah Bridge of Qom

The construction of Imamzadeh Abdollah Bridge of Qom (Sepah Bridge) dates back to the Qajar era. It is located in Kahak District, Qal’eh Cham Village in Qom County. The Cultural Heritage Organization has enlisted it as national heritage. The bridge has a stone inscription.

 

The Salt Lake

This lake which is the remaining part of a sea in the past is, in fact, a part of the salt desert in Iran and is located to the east of Qom. Only in winters, there is water in the lake and all through the other times of the year, the bed is covered with layers of salt.

 

Aqa Mosque and School of Qom

Aqa Mosque and School are located in Gozar Qal’eh Alley, near Tekiyeh-ye Chahar Mardan District. The construction of this building dates back to approximately 1902. The mosque building consists of a 10 × 30 meters Shabestan with 16 covering arches (Taq-e Cheshmeh Poosh) constructed on cylindrical stone columns.

 

Jafariyeh Salt Dome

This natural attraction of Qom, the Jafariyeh Salt Dome, is 20 km northwest of Qom. Salt domes are geological attractions worth visiting. They are shaped because of geological corrosion and permanent pressure on salt layers.

 

Veshnaveh Cave

At around 60 km away from Qom on Ardehal Mountain, there are four caves collectively referred to as Veshnaveh Cave. One of the caves has a huge source of water flowing from the gap of the mountain which erupts like a fountain. This cave is one of the most famous natural attractions in Qom Province.

 

Howz-e Soltan Lake

With an area of about 330 km2, Howz-e Soltan Lake is also famous as Qom Lake, Shahi Lake, and Saveh Lake. It is located in the north of Qom Province and the northwest of Namak Lake and is stretched in the west-eastern direction.

 

Historical Attraction:

Followings are the most valuable monuments of Qom Province: The historical house of Imam Khomeini, Haj Gholi Khan Mollasadra, Caravanserai of theologians, Stone Palace, Atabaki, Bagher Abad, Dalak and Pasangan bridges, old bazaar, Mausoleums of Iranian kings such as Fat’h Ali Shah Qajar, Mohammad Shah, Mohammad Olya Shah Abbas II, Shah Soleyman, and Shah Safi, and Gharah Tappeh and Green domes ancient areas, and Gholi Darvish ancient hill.

 

Religious Attractions:

Saheb Azzaman and Imam Hassan Mojtaba Mosques, Friday-Prayer Mosque of Qom, the holy shrine of Hazrat Ma’sumeh and Emamzadeh Esmail holy shrines (Shahzadeh Esma’il, Musa Mobargha, Shah Hamza, Khadijeh Khatun, Shahzadeh Ebrahim holy shrines, and Shahzadeh Zakaria) are some of the most important religious sites of Qom Province.

Qazvin Province in Iran

About Qzavin Province

This Province is located 150 km away from Tehran the capital of Iran and is a historical province in the northwest of Iran. The capital of this province is the city of Qazvin. Qazvin province has a rich history and civilization. It has founded by the Sassanid dynasty. In the Safavid dynasty, Qazvin was the capital of Iran for near 60 years, therefore there are a lot of historical places and tourist attractions in this region. In the Safavid era, “Sepah St.” that’s Iran’s first street was built in Qazvin. The best time for traveling to visit Qazvin is summer and even earlier since it has pleasant and cool weather then.

Qazvin is one of the oldest cities in Iran. It shows the importance of Qazvin. Once, during a period of Iranian history, the city used to be the capital of Iran. So, there are many gardens and monuments in Qazvin. Qazvin province has a border with Gilan province at its north, with Alborz province at its east, with Zanjan and Hamadan provinces in the west, and with Markazi province at its south. Qazvin is located on the southern foothills of the Alborz mountain range.

There are too many ancient mounds in Qazvin, such as the Sagezabad mound, which represents a 9,000-year-old settlement in this area. Different governors and rulers have considered the importance of the area. For instance, during the rule of the Medes, this city was one of the major points in the country. At that time, the “Mag Bito” fortress, located in the southwest of Qazvin, was under the reign of Hanna Syroka, one of the Median governors.

 

The Land of Inaccessible Castles

As mentioned above the province is located in the northern parts of Iran. The northern part of the province is a mountainous area and to the south, the climate is hot and dry with cold winters and hot summers. Based on evidence found during the excavations of the Zagheh ancient hill, the civilization in this province dates back to 4000- 5000 BC. the land was once part of the Median Kingdom. The people of this province are from different ethnic origins. For centuries, Azaris, Lurs, Kurds, and other ethnicities have peacefully lived together in the region. In the past, the Deilami language was spoken in Qazvin, but now most people speak the Azari language. The common handicrafts of the province include tile-making, inlay work, plaster[1]work, stone-carving, carpet-weaving, mirror making, calligraphy, clock making, silk weaving, lock making, and needle-work.

 

Alamut Castle

Ismailis are members of a Shiite sect who believes the last Imam was Ismail, the elder son of Imam Jafar Sadiq. The sect was developed in 7th-century CE and has been famous with other names like Fatemiyun, Bateniyun, etc. Hassan-d Sabbah, who was one of the leaders of this religious group, built a large structure on top of a mountain which is known as the Alamūt Castle.

 

Zagheh and Ghabrestan Hills

On the road of Boyin Zahra to Qazvin lie the ancient hills of Zagheh, Ghabrestan, and Sagzabad. The hills date back to 5000 BC. The architecture is unique and the main temple has ancient designs.

 

The Grapes of Qazvin

A large portion of agricultural land in this province is allocated to the planting of vine trees especially around the city of Takestan which is famous for its large vineyards.

 

Chehel Sotun Structure

This building belongs to the Safavid dynasty of the 17th century. It has two floors in the middle of a garden with different kinds of decorations like tile work, inlay work, painting, and gold works.

 

Peyghambarieh Tomb

This is the tomb of four messengers of god in the names of Salam, Solum, Sohuli, and Alghia. It is located in a street with the same name in Qazvīn. to the south of the mausoleum, there is a veranda facing the yard. The decoration includes plasterwork and tile work.

 

Kharaghan Tower Tombs

The village of Hesar Armani which has two tower tombs is located at 32 km distance to the east of Qazvin. The eastern tower is older than the western one and was built in the 9th-century CE. They are hexagonal towers made of brick with thirty old designs on the walls.

 

Museum of Qazvin City

This famous museum n Qazvin is located in Azadi Square, or Sabzeh Meydan, and is located on the eastern side of the Chehelsotun Palace. Inside of this museum, you can be acquainted with the archaeological findings of the prehistoric era, the pre-Islam era, and the Post-Islam era of this city.

 

Grand Bazaar of Qazvin

This Grand Bazaar in Qazvin is one of the most beautiful Iranian bazaars. It could regard as a symbol of the clever architecture of Iran, which attracts several visitors. It has remained from the Safavid period and beyond. The Grand Bazaar has diverse sections such as Caravansary of Sa’d al-Saltaneh, Caravansary of Vazir, Caravansary of Haj Reza, Razavi Caravansary (also known as Caravansary of Shah), open and covered caravansaries, and Qaysarie Raw.

 

Qazvin Grand Mosque

The Jameh Mosque (Grand Mosque) of Qazvin used to be a fire temple in the pre-Islam period, which was later rebuilt during the Harun Al-Rashid era, the fifth Abbasid Caliph. This mosque is a collection of architectural styles of various historical eras. One can notice the architecture styles of the Seljuk, Safavid, and, to some extent, Qajar periods.

 

Darb-e Koushk Gate

This gate is one of the oldest ones in the city. Darb-e Koushk Gate was toward Alamut, Rudbar, Koushk, and the hunting grounds of northern Qazvin. This gate has a magnificent entrance with a semicircular arch.

 

Varchor Waterfall

This beautiful waterfall is located 6 km east of Razjerd village of Qazvin. The waterfall has an altitude of more than 30 meters. There are massive rocks around this waterfall.

 

Garma Galou Valley

This valley is another natural attraction of Qazvin located on Qazvin-Alamut Castle. A metal walkway structure bridges this valley. It has got a northeast to southwest direction and is located at an altitude of 1770 meters above sea level and the length of the valley is about 600 meters.

 

Natural Attractions:

Yeleh spring and hot water spring in Takestan, Kharghan hot water spring, Ab Torsh and Larzan mineral waters in Ghazvin city

 

Religious Attractions: 

The most important attractions of Qhazvin are as follows: Saleh, Soleyman, Fazlollah, and Abdollah shrines inTakestan, Kabir, Heydariyeh, Masjed Al-Nabi, and Sanjideh Friday-prayer mosques, Ali, Abazar, Zarabad, Ali Akbar Sagezabad, Shahzadeh Hossein, Esmail, Peighambariyeh, Bibizobaydeh, Bibi Sakineh, Soltan Veys, Amaneh Khatun in Ghazvin City.

North Khorasan Province in Iran

 

About North Khorasan Province

North Khorasan province was established after the division of Khorasan into three provinces. North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, and South Khorasan. This province has 8 counties called Bojnourd, Esfarayen, Shirvan, Jajarm, Mane, Samalqan, Garmeh, Faraj, and Jargalan. Besides, it contains 22 towns, 45 rural districts, and more than 1,000 villages. The province is noted for its multicultural background. Many people speak at least 2 different languages including Persian, Tati, Khorasani Turkic, Kurmanci Kurdish, and Turkmen. Intermarriage between the ethnic groups speaking these languages is common.

As an extraordinary collection of natural and historical attractions, North Khorasan province draws numbers of visitors to this part of the country annually. Walking in every region of this land opens a new door to many inspiring and iconic beauties. Among the many historical and natural attractions of the province are mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves, protected areas, and assorted hiking areas. 

On other hand, this province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves, and protected regions, and various hiking areas. Most of the historical relics are from the Qajar era, as earthquakes continue to ravage older relics.

 

The Land of Various Cultures

This province is located in the northeast of Iran, neighboring the Republic of Turkmenistan. As this province lies in the margin of the central desert in Iran, and it is connected to the high mountains of Kappeh Dagh, we can observe different climates and vegetation in the province, something which has made this area an ideal habitat for various kinds of animals and plants. The animals found in the area include Iranian cheetahs, ibexes, wild goats, rams, gazelles, wild cats, and birds like pheasants and yellow partridges. 

The major ethnic groups of the province are Persians, Azaris, Kurds, and Turkmens, and minorities of Baluchis, Lurs, and Arabs also live in this province. The common language, however, is Persian. The most common and important handicrafts in this province are carpets, rugs, Turkmen cushions, Bojnurdi sandals, druggets, and a sort of coarse blanket. Based on archeological studies in the ancient Khan fortress, civilization in the region dates back to 6000 BC. (New Stone Age). 

 

Mofakham Mirror-House

This is a 19th-century Qajar structure that was the center of general Mofakham’s government and consists of two floors. The first floor bears beautiful decorations of tile-work with the design of humans and animals and the second floor has a mirror hall with 134 pictures of previous kings, army, and civil notables.

 

Salook Protected Area

This protected area is a treasure of plant and animal species in northeast Iran. Salook Protected areas and national parks are considered safe habitats for many plant and animal species. These areas in the country have a special place to preserve the genetic diversity of living organisms.

 

Jalal Al-Din Castle

This castle is a historical castle which is located in Garmeh County in North Khorasan Province and the longevity of this fortress dates back to the Historical periods after Islam.

 

Espidan Village

The village is located in a green, beautiful valley near the city of Bojnurd. The architecture and structure of houses are stair-like.

 

Sari Gol protected area

Sari Gol National Park is located almost 20 km east of the city of Esfarayen, North Khorasan Province. This place is one of the old reserves in northeastern Iran where hosts the endangered Persian leopard and Urial wild sheep. The main ungulate inhabiting the area is the Urial wild sheep together with a low density of wild boar and Persian wild goat. Stone marten, grey, wolf, red fox, Pallas’ cat, and Asiatic wild cat, as well as Persian leopard, are the main representatives of the Carnivora confirmed in the area.

 

Tomb of Sheikh Ali Esfarayeni

This is the mausoleum of a reputed Gnostic (Sheik Shah Ali Esfarayeni), which is located in a garden belonging to him, in an area of around 500 sq.m. A pillar was erected out of mud which was on the tomb but unfortunately has since deteriorated.

 

Khosravieh-Faruj Village

This beautiful village is located in a green and fertile valley, almost 25 km to the southwest of the town of Faruj. This village is also called “Faruj Paradise” as there are numerous springs with refreshing water, fascinating scenery, and fresh air.

 

Chukheh Wrestling

Chukheh Wrestling is a traditional sport in which the wrestlers match in sandy fields. The annual games are held on April 3 or 4 in Zeynal Khan (a famous wrestling field) located in the north of the town of Esfarayen. In the games, the wrestlers try to overcome their competitors with special skills and techniques while kettledrums and Persian oboe are being played.

 

Ala Dagh and Binalud Heights

These mountains stretch in directions of northwest and southeast of the province. Ala Dagh Mountains are 170 km long and the highest point is Mount Shah-e Jahan which is 3220 meters high. Binalud Mountains are 120 km long. The highest point is Mount Binalud with an altitude of 3410 meters. In springs and summers, these mountains provide the best settlement places for migrating nomads.

 

Darkash Forest

This is the only oak tree forest in the eastern parts of Iran and is located near the towns of Baneh and Samalghan. It adds to the beauty of nature in that area.

 

Golbol Namanlu Countryside

This country area is located around 70 km to the northeast of Shirvan, neighboring the republic of Turkmenistan. It is a game park and the habitat of animals like wild goats and rams.

 

Historical Attraction:

Hassan Abad, Gheysar, and Daoulak ancient castles, the ancient city of Belgheys, Sarmeran ancient hill in Asfarayen, Khan, Pahlavan, and Jalal e Din Castles in Jajrom are some of the major historical attractions of the province.

Natural Attractions:

Old trees, Sari Gol Preserved Area, Nushirvan Caves, and Meetinghouse in Asfarayen, Salug Preserved Area, Besh Ghardash and Baba Aman springs in Bojnurd, Zuram, Ughaz, and Golbol Namanlu Summer Places, and Golul Preserved Area in Shirvan.

 

Religious Attractions: 

Ahmad Reza, Abdollah Kuran, Shahzadeh Zandiyeh, Sheikh Mohammad Rashid e Din, Shahzadeh Ja’far in Asfarayen, Soltan Seyed Abbas shrine in Bojnurd, Ali Ibn Mehriar, Masumzadeh, and Danial Nabi (Prophet Daniel) shrines in Jajrom, and Hamze Rezāa holy shrine in Shirvan.