Yazd Fire Temple

 

Aren’t you interested in seeing the sanctified fire that nearly belonged to two thousand years ago? If you are eager to experience this holy adventure, the Yazd Fire Temple in the legendary city of Yazd awaits you. Yazd is a religious city and hosts several different holy places, especially grand mosques and Zoroastrian temples including the famous holy Fire Temple that belongs to antiquity. Reflecting the civilized culture of ancient Iran, the Yazd Fire Temple has been attracting millions of national and international tourists so far. This holy place is known as Atashkadeh-e-Yazd or Atash Behram of Yazd. This building is 21 meters in height and has a beautiful pond in front of the entrance door in the core part of the front yard. This very type of architecture is a necessary part of the style in every old fire temple. Around the building, there are lovely fruit trees that have created a pleasing shade for the visitors.

On top of the front roof, there is a jagged curve with a big wall engraving of the Zoroastrian winged deity of Ahura Mazda that is called ‘Farvahar’ in Persian culture. This jagged-modeled construction of the Yazd Fire Temple is the typical symbol of the Achaemenid building design. It is worth mentioning that this holy place is the main Zoroastrian temple in Iran where the Zoroastrians perform their religious practices close to its holy fire. Historically speaking, the date that the construction of the building was finalized was 1934, and that is reflected in the shrine’s inscription. The building was funded by the Association of Parsi Zoroastrians of India and Master Jamshid Amanat was the supervisor of its building project.

Although the building itself is relatively modern, the fire that is in the building belongs to the antique time. The fire dates back to 470 AD, during the Sassanid dynasty in Iran. During that time, the fire was kept in another temple called Pars Karyan which was located in the southern part of Larestan, in its Pars district. Again, the fire moved to Aqda and remained there for the next 700 years to be shifted to another temple in 1173 that was called Nahid-e Pars in the vicinity of Ardakan. After the passage of 300 years, the holy fire was finally moved to the lodging place of the revered Zoroastrian priest in Yazd. Years later, the present building was specially constructed for it in 1934 as Yazd Fire Temple.

It is so amazing that the fire nearly occurred 2,000 years ago. This means that the fire has been burning from 470 AD till now. It sounds very surprising that from that time onward, the fire has been continuously burning by the devoted protection of the faithful Magi. The fact that they have been loyally keeping the fire without letting it fail sounds admirable. Although seeing this holy fire is so spectacular, no ordinary visitor is allowed to enter the fire altar. Only Zoroastrians can enter the sanctuary. The good news is that the visitors can see that amazing fire behind the glass and look at the Behram Fire burning lively in the big bronze vase as much as they want and become amazed by its ancient majesty. Although it is so specific, it is not just one and the only in its type. There are universally nine Behram or “vanquishing fire”. The eight triumphant fires are kept in India. The reason why these holy fires are considered unique is that they have been thought to be sacred by many different authentic sources.  

From Yazd Airport, it is about six kilometers to Ayatollah Kashani Avenue where the fire temple is located. From this point on, you can also access other interesting tourist spots like Markar Clock Tower, Dowlat Abad Garden, and Amir Chakhmaq Complex, since you are already in the core of Yazd’s historical area. The external building facade of the Fire Temple is symbolically representative of the spirit of Zoroastrianism not just in its use of the colors deemed as holy and heavenly but also in the usage of Zoroastrian ethical adages.

These proverbs are pious speech, pious behavior, and pious deeds inscribed on azure blue tiles surrounding the statue of Ahura Mazda. The white stone columns look different from other ancient arches as their heads surprisingly look like sacred fire urns. The fact that the building is a combination of natural bricks and white plaster is again reminiscent of the Zoroastrian spirit of purity and decency. The serenity of the front pool with its greenish-blue water and the reflection of the white columns of the veranda also symbolizes the peace of Zoroastrian beliefs.  

After visiting the Yazd Fire Temple, tourists can enjoy the delicious tastes of the great Yazd restaurants that generously offer visitors both local and national delicious Persian foods. Among those restaurants, one can proudly mention Shater Abbas, Sahel, and Shaghayegh restaurants. More importantly, to stay somewhere near the temple, whether before or after the visit, the tourists can especially use traditional hotels that would give them an unforgettable experience of living a Traditional life. Some traditional-style hotels are three-star like Dohad, Morshed Garden, Vali, and Lab e Khandaq traditional hotels.

There are also other great choices including luxurious hotels with traditional style settings and decorations like Malek-o-Tojjar Hotel which provides tourists with an all-inclusive royal accommodation with a surreal stay. For those who are more easygoing, Backpack Hostel will be another great choice. Describing the majesty of the traditional hotels is impossible indeed. One can only mention that they shine like a gem under the moonlit, starry sky of the desert land. Last but not least, is the knowledge that every visitor can gain while visiting the temple. Every visitor will learn sufficient information about the Zoroastrian religion and the rich history behind it. In addition to the explanations, the museum that is located in the temple reflects the significance of fire in this religion which signifies the truth as a symbol of God.

Tehran Grand Bazaar

Tehran Grand Bazaar is situated in the south corner of Tehran’s Centre and can be listed as one of the largest bazaars in the world in its type. This multifunctional bazaar includes guest houses, mausoleums, mosques, and banks for business, shopping, tourism, and many other purposes. There are several passageways in this grand bazaar specific for various goods. It is easily accessible through different entrance doors. Although some of them are closed during the night times for the sake of security, most of them are open and the visitors can reach their desired corridors easily from early in the morning till early in the evening. The central Metro of Tehran is a great spot to help visitors get there.

This grand bazaar has a long story behind its construction. It dates back to thousands of years ago. The surrounding alleys reflect the old, antique history of Iran’s culture, civilization, and art. One can look at its architecture and face the abundant Persian talents applied in its construction including domes, courtyards, and the beautiful arches together with the alluring designs of the ceilings. The classic forms used in the architecture of Tehran Grand Bazaar like the circles, and squares are reminiscent of the Persian themes of perfection and balance. The corridors are ten kilometers in length and the visitors can reach the bazaar from every corner of them.

The 4th century BC is the approximate time in history when the Tehran Grand Bazaar was constructed. When Iran was under the influence of Islamic culture during the 7th century, it became the hub of business that helped the bazaar flourish in economy and marketing aspects specifically during the Safavid era. The importance of the Tehran Grand Bazaar was so that because of its extension, variety of functions, and economic value it became well-known as a city itself. Later on, as Tehran city got developed both from the point of view of population and vastness, the Grand Bazaar was not referred to as a city anymore. Within this context, although modern business centers have emerged in the capital city of Tehran. Tehran Grand Bazaar is still considered to host valuable, key transactions that not only belong to Tehran but also target other cities in Iran. In a sense, one can claim that it is the heart of finance and business in Iran, highly important for the Iranian people and tourists.

The stores of Tehran Grand Bazaar host a variety of products such as Persian spices, copper stuffs, precious metals, gold, papers, Persian rugs, and fabrics of all types. Surprisingly, in addition to traditional goods, the visitors also find modern products far cheaper than elsewhere. The different sections of its building date back to 400 years ago when the main halls and passageways were built. However, instead of its antique heritage, the majority of its stores belong to the early modern period. Those that belong to traditional Iran and represent old age are mostly unified in form and style. From another side of the spectrum, the modern side of the bazaar is creatively different in style and shape, really reflecting the modern spirit and taste.

Fortunately, to maintain the grandeur of its classic origin, there have been several renovations and improvements. During the constitutional revolution, the Tehran Grand Bazaar gained significant importance, with many elite, rich individuals invested to build additional little bazaars and rows to it. However, during the famous Qajar king, Naser-Al-Din Shah, in the 19th century, gorgeous decorations were added to its traditional architecture. It was exactly the time when the Grand Bazaar of Tehran also became the center for activities concerning socio-political issues. The challenging parties considered the bazaar as a suitable place for their gatherings and meetings. The neighboring alleys have turned the district of the Grand Bazaar into a traditional tourist spot highly attractive for the twists and turns of the lanes that are traditionally roofed.

The ambiance of the area reminds the visitors of different periods that the Grand Bazaar has experienced so far from the Safavid up to the Pahlavi and to the present time. Even now, it is a real gallery of fragrances, colors, herbs, home furniture, nuts, and fresh fruits that take every visitor to the depth of the Iranian lifestyle and civilization. The labyrinthine structure of this surreal exhibition is enticing and makes every tourist impatiently head for shopping. Interestingly, the shopkeepers are very amiable and mingle with the tourists in an unbelievably friendly way that you won’t forget such hospitality in your trips everywhere around the world. The 100-year-old restaurants and traditional teahouses are amazingly wonderful for those who are interested in tasting Iranian cuisine and the Persian black tea served with fanciful Iranian sweets.

Sabze Meydan Square is the main entrance of Tehran Grand Bazaar with a very special situation exactly in front of The Golestan Palace. Here, is one of the most attractive places of the complex as the visitors would see the symbolic fruit juice of Iran that is pomegranate drink, together with all other Persian dried fruits. The second amazing spot is the holy shrine that is beautifully ornamented and is believed to be the tombstone of one of the family members of the great prophet of Islam. There is another beautiful place that is called Imam Mosque in the Grand Bazaar. The colorful tile works and the calm, peaceful yard are the two reasons every tourist would be attracted to take a rest and enjoy for a while.

So, come and buy the best Persian souvenirs in Iran, collected all in one place, in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar. Everything you might think of in the oldest bazaar of the Middle East and maybe in the world has lasted, as studies reveal, from about the 4th or 7th century till now. You might be even surprised here as you would be invited to sit in the chamber stores and drink hot tea with the sociable Iranian shopkeepers and find yourself in the middle of a mystical discussion.

Hasht Behesht Palace

 

Hasht Behest Palace, or The Palace of Eight Heavens, was constructed during the 17th century in Isfahan and has been called “The Most Beautiful Palace of the World” for a long time. The palace was built during the kingdom of Shah Soleiman in the Safavid era. The foreign travelers, who let to visit this palace wonderfully confessed that this is far more luxurious and illustrious that the grand European palaces. “ Hasht Behesht” in the Persian language word etymology, means the very entrance door to the heavens. The fame and beauty of this historical city, Isfahan, which owes a lot to the Safavid Empire, depends on the grandeur and charm of the palaces and gardens, Hasht Behesht is one of the most prominent. 

 

After nominating Isfahan as the capital of the Safavid Empire, King Abbass, the first Safavid Sultan, ordered the construction of a long avenue, named Four Garden Avenue, with several gardens. Unfortunately, nothing has been left from these gardens except those of Hasht Behesht (Eight Heaven) and Chehel Setoon (Forthy Column) gardens. It is amazing to know several historians believe that the name Hasht Behest, refers to the historical fact that King Soleiman from Safavid royal household considered the palace as the lodging place or Harem for his eight favorite wives.

 

During Qajar Period, this palace and its garden were dedicated to the First Lady, Iftikhar Al- Dulah, and during Pahlavi time, its function changed to a public park. It was exactly during this time that the Ministry of Archeology started to repair the building’s plastering works with the help of Italian and Iranian architects. The fame and glory of this palace are so universally known that the name has been mentioned several times in the books and poems of many travelers like that of Muhamad Tahir Nasrabadi. 

 

Hasht Behest Palace, which is also called the palace garden of the nightingales, is in the west wing of Four Garden Avenue (Chahar Baagh Avenue). In the very middle of the nightingale garden, Hasht Behest Palace has a two-story building, which has been erected at a height of two meters from the garden ground, built upon white Tabriz Marbles. The building is thirty meters high, having a great view of the garden. The guests can enter the garden from two staircases on the two main sides of the building. Up there, you’ll get to the grand patio, where two tall wooden columns majestically stand to create a legendary grandeur. 

 

There are alluring colorful plastering works done on these wooden pillars. The central core of the building had been constructed in four phases with a veranda northward. The grand ceiling is covered with unique vibrant plastering art called “Moqarnas” in Persian. There are four rooms in the four corners of the building with grandiose paintings. In the second story, there are decorative arches, patios, rooms, and artistically shaped windows that have added to the vivid attraction of the palace. This level leads the visitors to the corridors and chambers filled with dazzling ornaments. Surprisingly, there are a water-view and a fireplace in the rooms. The walls are all covered by artistic mirror works. 

 

 

If you just look at the high ceiling, you would see a gallery of mosaic and plastering works that are amazing. Wonderfully, they are mixed with golden artwork, colorful glasses, and mirrors. Looking carefully at the paintings, one of them shows the historical moment of Fath Ali Shah’s coronation scene with his sons. Although there are various decorations in different styles, there is a unique unity of fashion manifest in the building. Unfortunately, there is nothing left from the wooden fences, crystal frames, and colorful glassworks, but the mosaic works still exist in a variety of contents like the birds, and the hunting scenes. The building generally has four sides all different in design but unified in style. 

 

The very style of architecture is that of Persian flat garden palaces very similar to that of Ali Qapu and Chehel Setoon Palace. Looking at the palace building from the long shot, it sounds octagonal. This makes the building have four exterior sides. The main side is in front of the garden pool. In the center of the building hall, there is an octagonal basin amazingly built of white marble that is called “ the Pearl Marble Basin”. The basin has been carved artistically and water flows from the nooks and crannies of the carved holes like the pearls coming out of the shells. 

 

A reticulated ceiling that is covered with golden mosaics shines exactly on top of the octagonal marble basin on the floor. Persian lazuli mosaic pieces are lustrously glazed in between the orange background tiles. The depth of the dome part of the ceiling is harmoniously silvery white quite matched with the marble basin below. The surrounding area that is unequally planted is the favorite resort of the Isfahani people. The old pine trees are orderly in line with the central garden pool standing as royal canopies above the benches the visitors take shelter in. It is noteworthy to see how Sharden, the famous traveler has described Hasht Behesht Palace:

I have promised to describe Hasht Behesht Palace, from the so-called Nightingale Garden, in detail. This building is called Behesht or Heaven. And Heaven as they believe is the tenth level of the sky. That is why they can consider the palace as the gateway to Heavens. This structure is really like a labyrinth where you might confuse finding the right direction as the stairways are so hidden from your sight. Here, the frames are silvery and the glasses are of fine colorful crystals. 

 

Considering the decorations, no one can even imagine such mesmerizing glory. The mirror works are unique indeed. The rooms are eye-catching because of the bed linens and the royal mattresses which costs a lot. The blanket was made of Marten’s skin to keep the royal family warm enough during the winter. It has been said that the king himself had several of these. What a great honor for every Iranian that decades ago a European traveler had been surprised by merely looking at just one of the Persian wonderful arts in the heart of Persian culture and civilization, Isfahan. 

Shah-e- Cheragh Holy Shrine

Shahe Cheragh Holy Shrine is one of the essential tourist spots in Shiraz especially for pilgrim tourism that uniquely combines spiritual and artistic significance. The monument dates back to the twelfth century during the Atabaks periods in Fars. Later on, the construction of this holy shrine was renovated by the governor of the province, Malik Tash Khatoun. She also ordered to build of a big school and several shops surrounding the area dedicated to the holy shrine. This sacred place is considered to be meaningful for the people of Shiraz and as the statistics show, the target of attention for the tourists.

During the Abbasid period, King Ismaeil ordered to reconstruct the holy place again, but after a year, the building was hit by a powerful earthquake. Finally, Nader Shah, the great king of the Afsharid dynasty, rebuilt this hallowed shrine after his appreciable victory against the Afghans and arrived at Shiraz. Moreover, Nader Shah ordered to hang down a huge cresset made of gold and silver exactly beneath the dome. Unfortunately, another earthquake seriously damaged the building again, and the precious cresset was sold to amend the damages and costs of the renovations. This holy shrine has undergone several reconstructions and many changes. Its architecture is alluring and spectacular, with amazing tile and mirror works.

The holy shrine of Shahe Cheragh belongs to Ahmad Ibn Musa, who is Imam Musa Al Kazim the seventh Muslim Imam’s eldest son. It has been said that he was murdered around the tenth century. Historically speaking, after the martyrdom of Imam Reza, the eight Muslim Imam, his brothers, together with fifteen thousand followers, headed to Toos city, near Mashhad in Iran, to visit the holy grave of him and avenge his enemy. When the Abbasid Kalif, Mamoun was informed about it, he ordered the governors of different territories to stop them and forced them to get back to Medina.

Following his order, the governor of Fars forcefully ordered the caravan to return to Medina and when they avoided it, they fought against them and killed many of Imam’s followers. Ahmad Ibn Musa took refuge in one of his friend’s houses in Shiraz. After a year, they found him and immediately killed him. The house was also demolished on his corpse. The story behind naming this holy shrine as “Shah-e-Cheragh”, is very interesting and worth mentioning here.

Surrounding this holy place, there used to be many old, clay houses. An old lady lived in one of them who saw a violent light from outside every Friday night when she came close to her window. This continued to happen every week, and the light kept shining till early in the morning. The old lady got suspicious and thought it might have a heavenly origin. She met with Azad Al Dawla from the Alebouyeh dynasty in the tenth century and informed him about what she kept seeing every week. The king stayed at her home one Friday night hoping to see the light. At midnight, the old lady saw the light again and hurriedly awakened the king crying: “Oh King, the Light!” when the king woke up, he saw the light from outside but when he went out close towards the coming light, it suddenly disappeared. He traced the light several times, and it happened again.

The king, then, decided to investigate the spot with his men and finally found a tombstone that belonged to Ahmad Ibn Musa, the son of the seventh Muslim Imam. Before he found the grave, it was completely covered by clay, and no one knew about it. Azad Al Dawla immediately ordered to build a sepulcher there.

The burial monument was finally constructed during the Atabakan period in the eleventh century. The architecture style is in the Azari School of Art with such great designs. The building has two main entrance doors on the north and south sides of the shrine accessible to visitors. The tile works on top of the arches and the marquetries of the roofs are beautiful. Around the shrine in the yard, there are gorgeous chambers that have created a splendid view of the building.

The mirror works of the interior are so fascinating that look grand with the reflections of the chandelier’s lights. The first altar that was made of silver was constructed by Fath -Ali Shah Qajar, the second king of Qajar. Another altar was also built years later which was made of silver. In the south wing of the building, the shrine museum is placed.

There are more than eight thousand precious historical objects in this museum belonging to different eras. They are so expensive and artistic in style that every visitor needs to take a look. There is also a library close to the museum with one hundred manuscripts. The open area of the building is an extended yard with two entrance doors both in the north and the south wing. The yard floor is covered with tile works. In the middle of the yard, there is a large basin around which one can see beautiful trees. Apart from the main entrances, there are two other ones leading to an old market named “Bazaar-e-Haaji”, and “Atique Mosque”. The shrine area has four major halls called, Imam Javad Hall, Hazrat Masoumeh Hall, The Main Hall, and The Atique Hall. There are also three prayer halls in the interior area.

What stands out in this holy area, is the spectacular azure dome with golden designs that shine like a star in the blue sky. The two prayer towers are set in azure color and stand on the two sides of the dome with golden finials at the apex. In between the azure color of these beautiful constructions, there are several wooden pillars of the veranda with delicate engravings on top of each in line with the roof which is also wooden in polished brown shade. One can say that the holy shrine of Shahe Cheragh is a typical example of symmetrical Iranian architecture that is artistic and harmonious both in external construction and matched coloring.

Zanjan Province in Iran

About Zanjan Province

The province of Zanjan covers an area of around 39,370 sq. km. To the east of this province is the Hamadan province, to the west is the West Azarbaijan province and to the south is the province of Kurdestan. Besides, to the north of the province are the Ardabil provinces and East Azarbaijan. Zanjan province is located in the plateau northwest of central Iran. The townships of Zanjan, Abhar, Ijrud, Khoda Bandeh, Khoram Dareh, Tarom, and Mah Neshan are the constituents of this province. 

Zanjan province comprises of two regions-plain and mountainous. The former spanning various areas of the province, and the latter is the northern sector, enveloping many high peaks or summits. In the southern territory of Zanjan, there is an alluvial plain, to the north of this vast plain are the Soltanieh heights and to the south of which stand the Qeydar heights. These form the limits of the said plain. Many rivers are flowing in this province and the most important of which being the Qezel Ozan River.

Its capital is Zanjan City. In the region, Zanjan is famous for its seedless grapes. Manufactures include bricks, cement, milled rice, and carpets. Chromium, lead, and copper is mined. Zanjan is well known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives, traditional sandals called Charugh and Malileh. Malileh is a handcraft made with silver wires. The artists of Zanjan make many things like decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry. In ancient times, Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives. But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by the introduction of Chinese knives to the market which is cheaper and better made. Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers. This is perhaps Zanjan’s most popular handcraft.

 

The Land of Salt Mummies

As mentioned above Zanjan Province is located in the northwest of Iran and is divided into mountainous and plain parts. The objects found in Cave Galijik suggest that the civilization of this province dates back to the Stone Age nearly 7000 years B.C. Geographical conditions, plenty of water, and fertile soil have made the province suitable for farming and husbandry. Most villages are of ancient origin and have interesting locations. Zanjan villages lie in plains, valleys, and foothills of the mountains and would catch the attention of any newcomer. The people of this land come from various ethnicities. Most people speak the Azari language. it is important to mention again that major handicrafts of the province include Charugh (A kind of local sandal) making, copper smiting, knife making, rug weaving, etc.

Soltaniyeh Dome

To the southwest of Kohan Dej, lies Soltaniyeh Dome, one of the structures of the Islamic era. This structure was built by the order of Sultan Mohammad Khuda Bandeh (Oljeitu) in nine years in 12th century A.D. Oljeitu and Ghazan Khan of the Il-Khan dynasty modeled this building after similar tombs in Iran. It is the third-largest brick structure in the world and the first largest one in Iran. It contains eight verandas and 50 rooms with a height of 50 meters.

Mausoleum of Chalabi Oghli

Just 500 meters to the southwest of Soltanieh Dome lies the tomb of Chalabi Oghli which was built in 12th-century CE. The complex contains a tomb and a temple. The location of graves differs from similar tombs as the Sultan is buried in the center and his followers are buried around it according to their hierarchical positions. 

 

Zanjan Congregational Mosque

Alternatively called Seyyed Mosque, the structure is located in one of the old districts of the city. The mosque was built in the 18th century and includes 4 verandas. 

 

Rakhtshur Khaneh Structure

Rakhtshur Khaneh meaning washhouse has been built in the center of the city in an area known as bara Jamal Choghuri. The structure was established 150 years ago by two masons Mashhadi Akbar and Mashahdi Esmaeil. The stones of the structure were carried from a stone mine in the village of Ajdarhatu. The structure includes two parts. The first part was the managerial and the second was the washhouse itself. 

 

Sojas Village

The village is located near the town of Khoda Bandeh, 17 km from the town of Gheydar in a plain. The village has a dry, cold climate and is divided into two halves by the Sojas river. The old congregational mosque, the mausoleum of Emamzadeh Ebrahim, and Hosseynieh tomb are among the most visited sites.

 

Kataleh Khur Cave of Garmab

The cave is located 140 km southwest of Zanjan near the village of Garmab, in the southern foothills of Mount Saghezlu. There are beautiful stalagmites and stalactites in different colors there. The skeleton of a four-feet animal which has changed into a calcite fossil has been found.

Dash Kassan Caves

These caves are located 10 km distance southeast of Soltanieh nearby Vir village. They are rectangular caves with a depth of 400 meters, the widths vary from 50 to 300 meters. Inside the main cave, there are 3 other caves with beautiful carvings of symmetric dragons with a length of 3.5 meters. On both sides, floral designs and Arabesques can be seen. They have been carved by Chinese artists who were brought to this land upon the order of Oljeitu, the Mongolian ruler of the time. Different works of art belonging to the Sassanid and Il-Khan periods have been discovered at the site.

Historical Attractions:

Soltaniyeh dome as one of the large brick shells of the world and one of the masterpieces of Il-Khan period architecture, Dash Kasan Caves, Alamdar and Sa’idabad hills in Abhar, Zolfaghari building, Shemiran, Sansizosity Castle, Golshan and Malek Caravansaries, Gheisariyeh, Haji Dadash, and Mirbaha traditional baths, Rakhtshuy Khaneh historical building, Marbaha Ad-Din, Sardar, and Haj Seyed Mohammad foundations in Zanjan. 

 

Cultural Attractions: 

Abhar and Ghorveh Friday-prayer Mosques, Zeid Ul-Kabir, Mohammad, Ebrahim, and Esma’il holy shrines in Abhar City, Sajas Friday-Prayer Mosque, Ghidar Nabi mausoleum in Khoda Bandeh City, Mirza’i, Gholamir, and Seyed Ebrahim holy shrine in Zanjan. 

 

Natural Attraction:

Garmab and Ghar Katleh hot springs in Khoda Bandeh city, Abdak, Arkoin, Angouran, Allah baghi, and Nigjeh springs and Anguran preserved Area in Zanjan.

 

Yazd Province in Iran

About Yazd Province

Yazd Province is another of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the hub of Iran country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd. The province has been divided into ten counties: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Behabad, Khatam, Mehriz, Meybod, Ashkezar, Taft, and Yazd County. The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.

Yazd province is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet. The city itself is sometimes called “the bride of the Kavir” because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4,075 meters above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city proper is located 1,203 meters above sea level.

 

The Land of Air Ducts

Yazd Province is located in the center of Iran. Since Yazd is far from the sea and the humidity is low, the province has long hot summers and cold winters. It has poor vegetation and the only places with rich lawns are the foothills of Shirkuh Mountain. Kalmandan and Bahadoran are two nature reserves of the province that are the habitats to different species of animals like Iranian gazelles, rams, ibexes, mountain goats, leopards, hyenas, foxes, wolves, and birds like grouses, eagles, magpies, partridges, and bustard. The desert province enjoys favorable weather conditions only for half of the year, but the attractions of the desert-like clear sunny sky, starry nights, absolute silence, and alluring mirages have turned this province into a place of interest for tourists. 

The adherents of the three religions of Islam, Judaism, and Zartoshti (Zoroastrianism) have peaceful coexistence in Yazd. The most important ceremonies of Zoroastrianism include Mahaneh, Fasli, Noruz-e Jamshidi, Sadeh, etc. The major famous Jewish festival is the Pesach or Passover. The important handicrafts of the province include velvet weaving, Termeh weaving, coarse blanket weaving, straw mat weaving, blanket weaving, etc. y and weaving, blanket weaving, etc. The old city of Yazd as the biggest alive mudbrick city in the world was registered as a world heritage site in 2017.

 

 Friday Mosque of Yazd

This Mosque was founded in the twelfth century, the current structure dates to several building phases during the fourteenth century with significant addition during the fifteenth, and eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. The high barrel-vaulted iwan leads to an expansive domed sanctuary. Large rectangular winter prayer halls flank the sanctuary and Iwan, a layout that resembles the Sasanian triple-Iwan plan. The mosque is also significant for the early and substantial use of transverse vaulting in the rectangular winter prayer halls, a system that also has precedents in Sasanian structures. 

 

In the northwest prayer hall, the system is perfected, with narrow supporting arches and wide vaults pierced with fenestrated octagonal cupolas. The tile decoration is also noteworthy, although much is restoration. The dome is articulated with geometric decorative brickwork in turquoise and white on an unglazed buff field. Decorative brickwork laid in epigrams covers most wall surfaces within the sanctuary, above a turquoise tile dado with mosaic medallions that continues into the Iwan. The Mihrab is sheathed with naturalistic vegetal designs rendered in remarkable faience mosaic. The winter prayer halls are painted white, contrasting with the vibrant multi-colored sanctuary.

 

Yazd Air-ducts

One of the characteristics of architecture in the city of Yazd is designing houses with air ducts. The air ducts are made of bricks, plaster, and wood. They are made in houses for ventilating.

 

Dolat- Abad Garden

This garden which is one of the famous gardens of the Zand dynasty contains different buildings which were the settlement palaces of the rulers at the time. The Dolat Abad aqueduct supplies water to this garden. There are different kinds of trees like pines, grapes, pomegranate, etc. This is an interesting site to visit for its architecture, setting, and watering system.

 

Narenj Ghaleh Castle

Also called Narin Ghaleh, the castle is located on top of the Galin hill facing the city of Meybod. It is a five-story pre-Islamic castle made of mud and clay.

 

Zeyn Od-Din caravanserai

This caravanserai is located on the road of Yazd to Kerman at a 60 KM distance from Yazd city. This structure has been built t the same time as the Ganj Ali Khan bathhouse in Kerman. This is a round brick structure with five towers.

 

Amir Chakhmagh Mosque

The mosque which is one of the Timurid era structures was built at the order of Amir Jalal Ad-Din Chakhmagh, the ruler of Yazd in the 13th century CE.

 

Historical Attractions:

Ancient and important historical attractions in Yazd province include: Sageneh and Khargushi inns, caravanserais of Hose- Jafar, Valeh- Abad, and old houses are in the city of Ardakan. Ali-Abad caravanserai, old water storages, old castles of Eslamiyeh, Shavaz, and the old garden of Golshan are in the city of Taft. Great tower (Minaret) of Golshan, old citadel and mausoleum of Sepah Salar in the city of Tabass, castles of Khormirz and Saryazd in Mehreez. Water storage of Hassan Abad, castles of Barjin, Rokn Abad, and Narin are in Meybod. Old houses of Lary-Ha, Arabs, Rasolian, Hatters, Malek al-Tojjar, and Asadi, old water storages of Seyed, Sahra, six air vent holes (six Badgir), Khajeh, Golshan, and Rostam, old schools of Khan, Zia’ieyeh, Abolmo’ali, Domana, and Abdul-Rahim Khan, castles of Ibrahim Abad, Zarach and Aez Abad in Yazd.

 

Religious Attractions: 

The most important religious attractions in Yazd Province are the old mosques of Zirdeh, Haji Rajab, Zardak, Muhammad Hossein, Kharanegh, and the Jame’ Mosque in Ardakan. Old mosques of Shodeh, Islamiyah, Bida Khoyed, Tarazjan, Khaneghah (monastery) of Taft. The holy shrine of Tabas, the Jame’ Mosque, and Mehr Padin Mosque in Mehreez, holy shrines of Khadijeh Khatun in Meybod. The Jame’ Mosque, Mir Chomagh Mollah Isma’il, Zaviyeh, Sabat, Four Minaret (Mennar), Mausoleum, of Abu Jafar, Seyed Khalil, twelve Imams, Shah Reza, Seyed Gol Sorkh, Rokn Ad-Din, Shams Ad-Din, and holy Zoroastrian sites in the city of Yazd.

 

Natural Attraction:

The Most Amazing and beautiful natural attractions in Yazd Province are: Caves of Hamaneh, Ashkoft, and Abolghasem Rashti are in Ardakan. The caves of Frashah and B’ad Maesom are in Taft. Natural spring of Gharbalbiz, Gardens of Golkar, Akrami and Sarasiab are in Mehreez. Meybod old Glacier, Gardens of Dowlat Abad, Khan, Kolah Farangi, and Moshir are in Yazd.

West Azerbaijan Province in Iran

 

About West Azerbaijan

West Azerbaijan is located in the northwestern province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The province has over 3 million people, excluding Lake Urmia, with an area of ​​37411 square kilometers. West Azerbaijan has common water and soil border with three foreign countries: Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq. It is located just a few kilometers from the fourth country, Armenia, and in this respect, it is the most unique province of Iran. 

This picturesque province, backed by vast and long-standing historical and peoples of different religions, religions, and ethnicities, including Shiites, Sunnis, Assyrians, Armenians, Turks, and Kurds. It is a symbol of peaceful coexistence in Iran or even coexistence in the world. West Azerbaijan has three major garden products include apple, grape, peach. This province having worldwide recorded historical monuments, including Takht-e-Soleyman and Ghara Church, and being among the top 10 provinces in terms of historical and cultural monuments listed in the National Monuments List.

Land of Apple Gardens

In the northwest of Iran, there is a wonderful land with high mountains bordering Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq. From the earliest times of history different tribes of Kurds, Azaris, Assyrians, and Armenians have been living peacefully in this part of the world. This is attested by various churches and fire temples that are extant in the region. The mountains of the province are connected to Ararat Mountain Range in eastern Turkey. These mountainous areas make some of the best resorts in Iran.

Lake Uremia, one of the saltiest lakes of the world, is located in the province and contains many islands which are the habitats of different kinds of local and migrating birds. The people of this province are famous for being hardworking and dignified. Most of them earn their livings through farming and husbandry. Apple gardens have bestowed a unique beauty to this province. The Azari music comes in as many diverse styles as the number of tribes living there. Different kinds of group dance are common among the Kurds and the Azari in which men and women dance together. The handicrafts of the province include carpet, rug, and drugget weaving and woodworks.

Hasanlu Ancient Hill 

The hill has a height of 20 meters and is located 12 km northeast of the town of Naghadeh. Based on archeological researches by Mr. Dyson, the civilization on this hill dates back to the 6th millennium BC. A temple, a gifting platform, and some rooms have been discovered and the most important object which has been found in Hasanlu is a dish that belongs to Mana tribes living 1300-800 BC.

Takht-e Soleyman 

This is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iran. It is located near the town of Takab on a hill 20 meters above the plain level. Around the structure, there is a thick wall made of stone and plaster which is 5 meters wide, 14 meters high, and 1200 meters long. The outer part of the wall is made of carved stones and there are 38 funnel-like defensive towers. Inside the castle, there is a lake, the palace of Sassanid King Khosro I, Abaghakhan Palace, and the Azargoshasb temple.

Inscriptions of King Shapur II 

Noruz garden is located in the east of the main square of Salmas town. In the west of this garden, there is a huge stone carving in the Pahlavi language (Middle Persian language). The inscription dates back to the time of King Shapur II and Narseh (Narses) of the Sassanid dynasty in the 3rd-century CE.

Bastam castle 

The ancient castle is located near Bastam Ghara Ziaad-Din village. It contains a temple, a bazaar, a government division, protecting walls, gates, and secret passages. Based on archeological evidence, the castle dates back to the 7th century BC.

Baghcheh Jugh palace 

This palace is located in a large garden with an area of 11 hectares in the town of Maku. The structure dates back to the Qajar era (19th century) and was built at the order of Eqbal os-Saltaneh Makuyi, the region’s ruler of the time. The architectural style is greatly influenced by Russian architecture. This palace has two floors with lots of rooms and a shingle roof. The interior decoration mainly consists of plaster and mirror work. The exterior decoration consists of flat stones with plaster statues. 

Ghara Kelisa 

Saint Taddeus Church is located in Ghara Kelisa village, in one of the regions of Maku town. The church is also the tomb of Saint Taddeus who came from Mesopotamia to the region in 43 A.D. to preach Christianity but was martyred at the hand of the king of Armenia in 66 A.D. The church consists of two white and black pants in a land area of 6285 square meters. The white dome is 24 meters high and the black one is 18.6 meters high. There are 24 abbeys around it with bas-reliefs of human faces, columns, and arches. A ceremony is held every year on the anniversary of Saint Tadi’s martyrdom. The structure was registered in UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008, along with other Armenian Monastic ensembles in Iran.

Lake Urmia 

This is the largest lake in Iran which is 130- 140 km long, 15-50 km wide, and 50-60 meters deep. The water in this lake is too salty for fish or other sea creatures except for a kind of mollusk called Artima. The water of this lake never freezes. Physicians were always aware of the therapeutic effect of Lake Urmia water on skin diseases which is owing to its high level of minerals. This lake also contains 102 large and small deserted islands which are natural habitats of local and migrating birds.

Salmas Waterfall 

This waterfall is located near the city of Sardasht. It is 10 meters high and the green surrounding valleys give it a unique beauty.

Historical Attractions:

Friday-Prayer Mosque of Orumiyeh, Neneh Maryam Church, Margioshouy Church, Kalimian Synagogue, Orumiyeh traditional bazaar, Kalleh Shin tablet, Ghalaichi hill, Takht-e Soleyman, Gharah Kelisa, virgin Mary Castle, Mausoleum of Shams Tabrizi, Matlab Khan Mosque, Bastam stronghold, Baghcheh Jugh Palace, Hameh Mosque of Mahabad, Gur Dakhmeh, Fakhrikah, Hasanlu hill, and so on.

Natural Attraction:

Followings are the main natural attractions of the West Azerbaijan province: Gharah Gol Wetland, Sahulan Cave, Sad Mahabad lake, Agh Gol, Esgh Abad, Gravn Spring of Sardasht, Shelmash, etc.

Tehran Province in Iran

About Tehran Province

Tehran Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Tehran is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran. This province was put as part of the First Region with its secretariat located in its capital city, Tehran, upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions alone for coordination and development purposes. It borders Mazandaran Province in the north, Qom Province in the south, Semnan Province in the east, and Alborz Province in the west. 

The metropolis of Tehran is the capital city of the province and Iran. This Province is the richest province of Iran and it is the most industrialized province in Iran. The province gained importance when Tehran was claimed as the capital by the Qajar dynasty in 1778. 

 

The Heart of Iran

Until 200 years ago on the foothills of the Alborz Mountains, there was a small, mild weather village that a few people had heard of, but this small village was selected as the capital city of the Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. From that time on, the world knew Tehran as the main center of Iranian politics and economy. Since then, many people have immigrated to Tehran and have made it a densely populated city. Although Tehran has been the capital city of Iran for only 200 years, the civilization of this city dates back to 7000 BC.

 

Sa’d Abad Cultural complex

This palace is located in the highest, farthest northern part of Tehran with mild weather conditions. It has an area of 400 hectares, of which 180 hectares have been made into a large garden with different species of flowers and trees. There are 14 buildings in the compound and many recreational facilities such as playgrounds, swimming pools, etc.

 

Golestan Palace

This is one of the most beautiful and oldest structures of Tehran which is the memorial citadel of history and governments. It was built by the order of king Tahmasb I of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th-century CE. It was restored by the order of Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty in the 18th century and the Qajar era was used as the settlement palace of the royal family. It consists of a marble throne, Karim Khani special room, a mirror hall, etc.

 

Museum of Ancient Iran

This museum with an area of 2744 square meters was built in 1935 in two years under the supervision of French architect Andrea Guedar. This is the first scientific museum of Iran and contains objects related to civilization and art of the pre-historic era, from the 6th millennium BC to the Islamic era. It is one of the most valuable and reputable museums in the world.

Museum of Contemporary Arts

The museum is located on north Kargar street next to Laleh Park. The architecture of the building combines traditional and modern styles. This museum, which opened to the public in 1977, has three floors, nine galleries with paintings by Pablo Picasso, Paul Gougen, Cloud Mouneh, and George Berg, a library, and an audio-visual department. In the garden, statues by Marino Marini, Parviz Tanavoli, Rene Margaret, Henry Moore, Alexander Calder, Max Bell, Alberto Jakoti, etc have been gathered. The museum also holds a large part of the illustrated Shahnameh Tahmasebi.

 

Toghril tower

The structure in Shahr-e Rayy, which has a height of 20 meters, belongs to the Seljuk era. Most probably this tower is the tomb of Toghril I, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty. It was restored in the 18th century after many of its Kufic tablets and designs had been destroyed.

 

Varamin Congregational Mosque

The foundation of this mosque, which is the most important historical structure of the town of Varamin was made during the kingdom of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh and was completed during the kingdom of his son, Sultan Abu Saeed in the 12th century CE. It was reconstructed by Shahrokh Mirza, one of the kings of the Timurid era in the 13th century. The mosque consists of an entrance gate, a portal, arches, and the main part and includes decorations like tile work and tablets.

 

Cheshmeh Ali Spring 

The spring is located in the south of Tehran and until 1940 people used it for swimming and washing. The civilization of this area dates back to 4000 BC. There are monuments from the Seljuk, Umavid, Abbasid, and Qajar dynasties there.

 

Oshun-Fasham Districts

These two regions are located 30 and 35 km northeast of Tehran. They have a mild climate with numerous fruit gardens. other villages include Ahar, Shekarab, Lalun, Zaygun, Garmab Darreh, and Meygun which are located within the same region and make perfect weekend resorts.

 

 

Historical Attractions:

Palaces of Saltanat-Abad, Golestan, Sorkheh Hesar, and Saheb-Gharaniyeh. Saltanat Abad, old schools of Dar ul-Fonun, and Marvi in Tehran. Fat’h-Ali-Shah caravanserai in Robat Karim, historical castles of Tabarak, Iraj, towers of Naghareh Khaneh, Toghrol tower, Harun ar-Rashid’s, and Gebri hill are in the city of Rayy. Zoroastrian Cemetery, Wooden bridge, and Shah Caravanserai are in Savejbelagh. Tanghwashi construction in Firuz-Kuh, the Sassanid palace of Soleymaniyeh and Ashkani Takht-e Rostam fire temple in Karaj, tower of Ala Uddowleh in Varamin.

 

Religious Attraction:

The holy shrines of Emamzadeh Davud, Emamzadeh Saleh, Emam Abdullah, Emamzadeh Zayd, and old mosques of Imam Khomeini, Seyed Azizollah, Sepahsalar, and the holy shrine of Imam Khomeini in Tehran. The holy shrine of Hazrat Emamzadeh Abd ul- ’Azim, Mausoleum of Ibn Babevey. The holy shrine of Emamzadeh Hamzeh in the city of Rayy. The holy shrines of Emam Ja’far, Hossiniyeh Joestan, and the house of Ayatollah Taleghani in Savejbelagh. The holy shrine of Emamzadeh Ghasem is in Shemiran. The shrines of Emamzadeh Hashem and Jame’ Mosque are in Firuz-Kuh.

 

Natural Attraction:

Lakes and dams, rivers, springs, waterfalls: Amir Kabir’s lake and dam is in Karaj. Lar lake and dam are in the Lar region in the city of Damavand. Lake Ahang is on the Firuz Kuh road and Lake Ziar on the Haraz road. Karaj, Jajrud, Lar, Habaleh, Abhar, and Taleghan . A’la in Damavand, Ghalae, Dokhtar, and Ab Ali, on the Haraz road, and hot springs of Larijan. Lar, in the La region in Damavand, twins in Shemiranat, Oshun in Darband area, Shakarab in Meygun region, and Yakh-Kooh waterfall in the Damavand that is one of the most famous historical falls in the world.

 

Mountains and Shelters, Ski Resorts, Caves:

Damavand is the highest mountain in Iran and is located in the northeast of Tehran. Tochal Peak in southern slopes of Alborz Mountain, peaks and shelters of Kolak Chal, shelters of Palang Chal, And Shir Pala. Darband–Sar, and Shemshak in the northeast of Tehran, Ab-Ali on the Haraz road, Dizin in Karaj, and Chalus road. Gol-zard, Rud Afshan, in Damavand, Bur-Nik in Damavand and, Firuz-Kuh road ,Yakh– Morad in Tehran Chalus road and Biuk-Agha in Kan Rud.

 

South Khorasan Province in Iran

About South Khorasan Province

South Khorasan Province is located in the east of Iran and is limited to Razavi Khorasan from the north, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Kerman from the south, Yazd, Semnan, and Isfahan from the west, and has about 331 kilometers shared boundaries with Farah state, Afghanistan from the East. The center of the province is Birjand. The other major cities are Ferdows, Tabas, and Qaen. Considering uneven areas, South Khorasan can be divided into two parts: High mountains and plains. Mountains are mostly located in the northern and central regions of the province and the plains are in the south and southwest, next to the Afghanistan border.

 “Nayband” mountain in Tabas with 2980 meter height is the peak of the province while “ Tabas Kavir Dehestan” with a 530-meter height from the sea level is the lowest region. The province climate is desert and dry. The province’s hot period is long. It is started from May and prolong up to September. The cold months are October, November, and December. South Khorasan is also considered to be one of the biggest centers of producing saffron, barberry, jujube, cotton, and pomegranate. This province has a higher potential compared to other provinces in terms of mineral resources. As this area has a special climate, it never tempted invaders a lot to attack it. That’s why the people’s language and race have not been under great changes. Hence, Fars and Farsi have been the dominant race and language, respectively, the formal race and language become untouched. 

 

Land of the Red Gold

In the east of Iran and on the borders of the Lut desert, there is a small province that produces more than 60 percent of the world’s saffron. Other products of the province include barberry and jujube. Southern Khorasan is the land of pure people with white clothes. Their music also reflects their simplicity and serenity.

Saffron

Planting saffron using old traditional methods has been common in this province from ancient times. In addition to its medical and edible uses, Saffron has been used for painting and as ink for writing. It has also been used to illustrate the cover of the Quran as well as writing prayers.

Kolah Farangi Building

The structure is located in Birjand city with an area of 677 square meters on 6 floors and the form of a Ziggurat. Two floors were used for special occasions and the other four were built to shape a decorative form for this building. It dates back to the Zand dynasty in the 17th and 18th centuries CE. The interior decoration includes mainly plasterwork.

Akbarieh Garden

Akbarieh House and Garden are one of the historical buildings in Birjand. This building was built on two floors in the Qajar era by Shokat al-Molk. This garden is at the end of Moallem Street in Akbarieh village in Birjand which is the center of southern Khorasan. With the expansion of Birjand, now the garden is located inside the city. This monument includes a mirror hall, pergola dome, honeycomb Muqarnas decorations, and official schemes that were merely for catering to domestic and foreign political agents.

Khur Village

This village is located 83 km southwest of the town of Birjand in an area called Khusf. The historical architecture of this village has been greatly influenced by the geographical features of this area. The houses are made of mud. Architectural features include domes, central yards, hexagonal rooms with corridors, thick walls, pools, and small gardens.

Nahbandan Desert

The city of Nahbandan, one of the most beautiful cities of southern Khorasan, is located in the Lut desert in the south of the city of Birjand. One of the most wonderful sites of the city is Dehsalam village, on the road of Kerman to Sistan in the southwest of the city of Nahbandan. Although this village is located in the desert, there is a thick vegetation and lots of palm-tree gardens which have increased the beauty of this region.

 

Jujube Tree

As the south Khorasan borders the desert with hot and dry weather conditions, there is a special kind of vegetation, proper for this region. Jujube trees can perfectly adapt to the environment of this region. It uses little water and has got green leaves during five months of the year, in spring and summer. The small red fruits which have medical usages are picked in September. These trees are found mostly in the eastern parts of the province.

 

Khezri Stone Bridge and Farsan Cave

Farsan stone bridge is located in the 62-kilometer distance of Qayen town, the 12-kilometer distance of the north of Khezri town, and in the 2-kilometer distance of the east of Saquri village. In terms of leisure, this promenade has a very suitable condition.  Stone bridge with 30 meters of length and a 20-meter height alongside several other small and large caves is the shelter of birds of prey, especially wild dove.

Abbasi Dam

Shah Abbasi Taq has the highest record among the historical buildings in Iran! A dam with 60 meters’ height that not only is called the oldest and greatest arch dam in the world but also has been known for 550 years as the highest dam in the world. However, Shah Abbasi Dam has another name that no other dam has ever been able to gain. The thinnest dam in the world is due to the one-meter dam crest.

 

Morteza Ali Hot Spring

To visit this amazing place, it must pass Tabas City and 5 more kilometers on foot most of which passes through water to reach Morteza Ali Fountain! There are high valley-shaped walls on both sides, on which there are small and big cavities in a specific order. Some of these cavities are hot springs of water, the greatest of which is known as Morteza Ali Bath. The first spring called Ghanbar flows from the east to west (following the slope of the valley) and it is cold. Having passed 6 kilometers, Morteza Ali Fountain appears. The cause of hot water is fracture and pressure in the faults. 

Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran

 

About Sistan and Baluchestan Province

The province of Sistan and Baluchestan is located in the South-East of Iran country. This covers an area of 181,578 km2, and it is the largest province in the Islamic Republic of Iran. From the South, the province has a coastal border with the Oman Sea. In the East, it borders Pakistan and Afghanistan. On the North, it is bordered by the Southern Khorasan Province and on the West, it borders Kerman and Hormozgan provinces.

The province has 7 main cities, namely, Zahedan (the capital city), Zabol, Khash, Saravan, Iranshahr, Nikshahr, and Chabahar. There are several smaller cities also which are scattered throughout the province. This province has special significance in the area because of being situated in a strategic and transit location, especially Chabahar which is the only ocean in Iran and the best and easiest access route of the middle Asian countries to free waters.

Zahedan city as the center of Sistan-Baluchestan is the neighborhood of Khorasan province in the north, the province of Kerman in the west, and in the south is within the limits of the townships of Iran Shahr and Khash. Zahedan has a tropical type of climate in the south, but to the north, it is comparatively moderate. 

 

The land of Legendary Heroes 

Sistan and Baluchestan consist of two distinct parts of Sistan and Baluchestan. The two parts are different in terms of natural features. Sistan to the north of the province is a flat plain and Baluchestan to the south is a mountainous area. The only river flowing in this land is the Hirmand. The river originates from the Baba Mountains in Afghanistan and flows to Hamun lake. The Khash and Chabahar regions are the most beautiful parts of the province that enjoy mild climate because of being located near the Oman Sea. 

Based on the documents found in the excavations in the Burnt City of Zabol (Shahr-e Sukhteh Zabol), the civilization in this province dates back to 3100 to 1900 BC. In the Achaemenid period, this province was the region warehouse for the entire land of Iran. All kings and rulers of different eras have paid specific attention to this land as it has been the connecting route of the east and west. The local people are usually from two races of Sistani and Baluchi. The people are mostly involved in husbandry activities with some forms of nomad life.

 

Shahr-e Sukhteh

This city is located at 60 km distance to the south of the city of Zabol, 6 km to Ghaleh Rostam. The city has an area of 2.5 square kilometers and contains hills with a height of 50 meters. The civilization in this area dates back to 3100 to 1900 BC.

 

Khajeh Mountain

The mountain which is one of the most valuable historical places of this province is located in the middle of Lake Hamun. It has a height of 900 meters and the remains of a palace and a temple with beautiful plasterwork and paintings belonging to the Parthian and Sassanid dynasties have been discovered. The shrine of Khajeh Ghaltan, Pir Gandom Berin, and a graveyard are also located there.

 

Dahaneh Gholaman Hill

This ancient hill which is located at 44 km distance to ghaleh No has a height of 28 meters. Some monuments belonging to the Achaemenid era have been discovered during archeological excavations.

 

Local Clothes

Traditional clothing of the people in any region is directly related to their culture and geographical features. Clothing also shows the beliefs and artistic tastes of the people of a region. Various colors are used in the traditional clothing of the province’s local people. Men’s clothing consists of a shirt, an outer garment, a white turban, a thick belt, hand-made socks, and shoes with an upward curve at the toe. The Baluchi men’s clothing consists of a turban, white thin trousers which are put in the socks, and a simple outer garment that sometimes is decorated with silk work. The women’s clothing consists of a wide collar blouse and an outer garment with shoes similar to those of men’s.

 

Chabahar Free Economic Zone

Chabahar is situated in the southern-most part of the province on the shores of the Sea of Oman. The town was formerly called the Tis port. Today is one of the most important free economic zones of Iran.

 

Lake Hamun

This lake is a suitable shelter for different rare species of plants and animals. The vegetation of this lake provides a perfect hiding habitat for different species of fish as well as birds such as eagles, hawks, and other hunting birds.

 

Sistan Crocodile

This kind of crocodile which is unique to this region lives in the shallow waters of the sarbāz river.

 

The Desert of Sistan

The Lut desert, one of the hottest and driest deserts of the world, covers a large part of the province. The Lut desert in Central Iran stretches about 200 miles (320 km) from northwest to southeast and is about 100 miles wide. In the east, a great massive of dunes and sand rises, while in the west an extensive area of high ridges is separated by wind-swept corridors. In its lowest, salt-filled depression less than 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, the summer heat and low humidity are believed to be unsurpassed anywhere.

 

Historical Attraction:

Spidej, Dast Mohammad Khan, Pip, Fīruz Abad, Heriduk, Bazman, Daman, Maskutan, and Chehel Dokhtar ancient castles in Iranshahr, Shahr-e Sukhteh (Burnt City) holding ancient structures and artifacts, Tasuki and Dahaneh Gholaman hills, and Teymur and Zabol and Ghasem Abad Mill in Zabol City, Sam Castle, and Rabat Shurgaz in Zahedan, Ghasr Ghand ancient castle in Chabahar, Kelar Tak ancient hills, Rubahak, Mahtab Khazaneh, Mir Omar Passage and Sib Castle in Saravan

 

Spiritual Attraction:

Hakim and Sharifi Mosques in Zabol, Friday-prayer and Shiite mosques in Zahedan, Gholam Rasuli shrine in Chabahar, Dar ul-Olum Mosque, and Ancient Mosque in Saravan.

 

Natural Attractions: 

Kenti, Tang, Hurrian, Meskan, Tasht, Jamshid, Spidej, Puzeh, Dabbagh, and Bazman hot springs, and Katoukan Mine, Bazman Preserved Area and Bampur Forest in Iranshahr, Ziarat, and Yar Mohammadi Springs, Keshman and Gurband Promenades in Zahedan, Dushing, Shargh Taftan, Zang, Morghab, Torshab, Ganj Amin, and Barab mineral water springs, and the Taftān Park in Khash, and Nakhl Saravan Forests.